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101.
102.
Neville F Broderick MJ Gibson T Millner PA 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2011,27(1):279-285
In nature, some peptides induce precipitation of silicic acid into silica nanoparticles such as is found in marine algae called diatoms. However, polybasic polymers can act as peptide mimics; one such polymer, polyethyleneimine (PEI), has the advantage that it is stable at room temperature and is inexpensive, in comparison with synthetic peptides. We describe the fabrication and characterization of biosilicate nanoparticles formed by mimicking the peptides using PEI. Brownian motion nanoparticle tracking analysis and field emission gun scanning electron microscopy have been used for the first time to characterize nanoparticles made with tetramethyl orthosilicate (TMOS) and PEI to investigate the fundamental factors that affect particle properties. These factors include the effect of phosphate concentration, PEI molecular weight, TMOS concentration, and species of alkoxy-silane used. The properties of the particles are compared with other particles made with polymers that induce silication. Our results show that using PEI gives differences in particle size compared with previous work using other polymers that induce silication. The entrapment of enzymes during the silication process, rationale for using nonphosphate and phosphate buffers during enzyme entrapment, and the analysis of enzyme activity are also presented. Because enzymes can be entrapped during fabrication, it means that there are many future possibilities for the use of silicate nanoparticles containing enzymes, such as biosensors and biocatalytic reactors. 相似文献
103.
Diversity oriented synthesis of fused pyrimidines leads to scaffolds with many biological activities. In the case of the preparation of pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines from 2-alkylthiopyrimidines, the formation of a new carbon-carbon bond at C5 is required, a reaction, that is, very limited in scope. However Claisen type rearrangement of simple 4-allylic ethers affords C5 substituted pyrimidines readily; in cases with an ester substituent, rearrangement occurs at room temperature. Subsequent cyclisation to afford 6-methylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7(8H)-ones was achieved in high yield. Using allylic ethers derived from 3-chloromethyl-4-arylbut-3-en-2-ones as substrates, a new titanium[IV]chloride catalysed reaction affording 6-arylmethyl-7-methylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines was discovered. In contrast, 2-alkylthiopteridines are readily available. In both cases, substitution at C2 and C4 to generate diversity has been carried out and the reactivity compared; yields of substitution products were generally higher with pteridine substrates. In biological assays unexpected hits were found for activity against the Gram positive bacterium, Nocardia farcinia, and against the parasite Trypanosoma brucei brucei, illustrating the value of diversity oriented synthesis in the discovery of biologically active compounds. 相似文献
104.
Cho DS Gibson SC Bhandari D McNally ME Hoffman RM Cook KD Song L 《Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM》2011,25(23):3575-3580
Batch slurry reactions are widely used in the industrial manufacturing of chemicals, pharmaceuticals, petrochemicals and polymers. However, onsite monitoring of batch slurry reactions is still not feasible in production plants due to the challenge in analyzing heterogeneous samples without complicated sample preparation procedures. In this study, direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART-MS) has been evaluated for the onsite monitoring of a model batch slurry reaction. The results suggested that automation of the sampling process of DART-MS is important to achieve quantitative results. With a sampling technique of manual sample deposition on melting point capillaries followed by automatic sample introduction across the helium beam, relative standard deviation (RSD) of the protonated molecule signals from the reaction product of the model batch slurry reaction ranged from 6 to 30%. This RSD range is improved greatly over a sampling technique of manual sample deposition followed by manual sample introduction where the RSDs are up to 110%. Furthermore, with the semi-automated sampling approach, semi-quantitative analysis of slurry samples has been achieved. Better quantification is expected with a fully automated sampling approach. 相似文献
105.
Syed SU Sreekumar J Gibson JR Taylor S 《Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry》2011,22(8):1381-1387
We report here a study using a quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS) in which a static magnetic field is applied transversely
to the body of the mass filter operating in stability zone 3. Significant improvement in QMS performance was obtained under
certain magnetic field conditions, and these have been explained in terms of our theoretical model. The theoretical approach
assumed in the model is that the QMS contains hyperbolic rods as electrodes and that the magnetic field acts over the full
length of the mass filter assembly. Our latest analysis also predicts for what values of operating parameters an enhancement
of the quadrupole resolution is achieved when a transverse magnetic field is applied. The model predicts instrument resolution
R > 5000 for Ar with a 100 mm long mass filter and R > 3500 for a HT and D2 mixture with a 200 mm long mass filter via application of a transverse magnetic field. 相似文献
106.
We show that any k-fold covering using translates of an arbitrary convex polygon can be decomposed into Ω(k) covers. Such a decomposition can be computed using an efficient (polynomial-time) algorithm. 相似文献
107.
108.
P M Voyles J E Gerbi M M Treacy J M Gibson J R Abelson 《Physical review letters》2001,86(24):5514-5517
Using fluctuation electron microscopy, we have observed an increase in the mesoscopic spatial fluctuations in the diffracted intensity from vapor-deposited silicon thin films as a function of substrate temperature from the amorphous to polycrystalline regimes. We interpret this increase as an increase in paracrystalline medium-range order in the sample. A paracrystal consists of topologically crystalline grains in a disordered matrix; in this model the increase in ordering is caused by an increase in the grain size or density. Our observations are counter to the previous belief that the amorphous to polycrystalline transition is a discontinuous disorder-order phase transition. 相似文献
109.
J. L. Friar B. F. Gibson G. L. Payne 《Zeitschrift für Physik A Hadrons and Nuclei》1981,301(4):309-318
Three nucleon ground state wave functions are displayed graphically in configuration space. Both the Schrödinger functions and the Faddeev amplitudes from which they are constructed are plotted. It is demonstrated that for the case where the two-nucleon interaction contains strong repulsion at short distances, the Faddeev amplitude bears no resemblance to the Schrödinger function, and is not even positive definite. Furthermore, the Faddeev amplitude is a much smoother function of the three independent coordinate variables, and is therefore much easier to calculate. Certain intuitive features of the Schrödinger wave function are seen to be present. 相似文献
110.
Gibson Richard A. Bennett Willard H. 《IEEE transactions on plasma science. IEEE Nuclear and Plasma Sciences Society》1974,2(3):174-181
The appearance of large amplitude oscillations and attenuation of beam current have been observed in high perveance electrically self-focused beams. These phenomena are shown to be due to instabilities produced by the interaction of the beam with its self-generated plasma. The critical current which must be exceeded for the instabilities to appear and the frequencies of the oscillations have been related to beam and background parameters and the dimensions of the experimental system. 相似文献