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121.
122.
Klymchuk Sergiy; Zverkova Tatyana; Gruenwald Norbert; Sauerbier Gabriele 《Teaching Mathematics and its Applications》2008,27(3):123-130
This article presents the results of two studies on using aninnovative pedagogical strategy in teaching mathematical modellingand applications to engineering students. Both studies are dealingwith introducing non-traditional contexts for engineering studentsin teaching/learning of mathematical modelling and applications:environment and ecology. The aims of using these contexts were:to introduce students to some of the techniques, methodologiesand principles of mathematical modelling for ecological andenvironmental systems; to involve the students in solving real-lifeproblems adjusted to their region emphasizing the aspects ofboth survival (short term) and sustainability (long term); toencourage students to pay attention to environmental issues.On one hand, the contexts are not directly related to engineering.On the other hand, the chances are that many graduates of engineeringwill deal with mathematical modelling of environmental systemsin one way or another in their future work because nearly everyengineering activity has an impact on the environment. The firststudy is a parallel study conducted in New Zealand and Germanysimultaneously with first-year students studying engineeringmathematics. The second study is a case study of the experimentalcourse Mathematical Modelling of Survival and Sustainabilitytaught to a mixture of year 2–5 engineering students inGermany by a visiting lecturer from New Zealand. The modelsused with the students from both studies had several specialfeatures. Analysis of students responses to questionnaires,their comments and attitudes towards the innovative approachin teaching are presented in the article. 相似文献
123.
A series of 5-trichloro-Δ4-1,2,4-oxadiazolines have been synthesised by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of nitrones to trichloroacetonitrile. These oxadiazolines rearrange into formamidine derivatives, via ring opening and a 1,2-aryl shift from carbon to the adjacent amino nitrogen. Both cycloaddition and rearrangement are facilitated when electron deficient nitriles and electron rich nitrones are used. 相似文献
124.
Bartolo Gabriele Raffaella Mancuso Giuseppe Ruffolo Angela Dibenedetto 《Tetrahedron letters》2009,50(52):7330-1772
In the presence of a PdI2-based catalytic system, 1,2-diols undergo an oxidative carbonylation process to afford 5-membered cyclic carbonates in good to excellent yields (84-94%) and with unprecedented catalytic efficiencies for this kind of reaction (up to ca. 190 mol of product per mol of PdI2). Under similar conditions, 6-membered cyclic carbonates are obtained for the first time through a direct catalytic oxidative carbonylation of 1,3-diols (66-74% yields). 相似文献
125.
A molecular thermodynamic model for polyelectrolyte systems—called pePC-SAFT—is proposed. The effect of charged monomers within the polyelectrolyte chain is explicitly taken into account in the reference term by replacing the hard-chain contribution of the PC-SAFT model by a charged-hard-chain contribution. Moreover, counterion condensation is accounted for to determine the effective number of charges along the polyion as well as of free counterions. The electrostatic contribution of the free counterions is described by a Debye–Hückel term. 相似文献
126.
Bartolo Gabriele Lucia Veltri Pierluigi Plastina Mirco Costa 《Tetrahedron letters》2010,51(13):1663-1786
A novel and convenient approach to furan-3-carboxylic esters 2 is presented, based on palladium-catalyzed direct oxidative carbonylation of readily available 3-yne-1,2-diols 1. The process, corresponding to a sequential combination between a 5-endo-dig heterocyclodehydration step and an oxidative alkoxycarbonylation stage, is catalyzed by PdI2 in conjunction with an excess of KI under relatively mild conditions (100 °C in ROH under 40 atm of a 4:1 mixture of CO-air). 相似文献
127.
Imine complexes [MCl(η 6-p-cymene){η1-NHC(H)Ar}(PR3)]BPh4 (1-3) [M = Ru, Os; PR3 = PPh(OEt)2, PPh2OEt; Ar = Ph, p-tolyl] were prepared by reacting MCl2(η 6-p-cymene)(PR3) precursors with benzyl azide ArCH2N3 in the presence of NaBPh4. Benzophenone-imine complexes [MCl(η 6-p-cymene){η1-NHCPh2}(PR3)]BPh4 (4-6) [M = Ru, Os; PR3 = PPh(OEt)2, PPh2OEt] were also prepared by allowing MCl2(η 6-p-cymene)(PR3) to react with Ph2CNH in the presence of NaBPh4. The complexes were characterised spectroscopically (IR, 1H, 13C, 31P, 15N NMR) and by X-ray crystal structure determination of [RuCl(η 6-p-cymene){η1-NHC(H)-p-tolyl}{PPh(OEt)2}]BPh4 (1b). 相似文献
128.
Cristina Tortolini Massimo Di Fusco Marco Frasconi Gabriele Favero Franco Mazzei 《Microchemical Journal》2010,96(2):301-307
Bioelectrochemical properties of Trametes versicolor Laccase (TvL) and Trametes hirsuta Laccase (ThL) immobilized by using polyazetidine prepolymer (PAP) onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) screen printed electrode (SPE) surface, have been studied with several redox mediators by cyclic voltammetry (CV). The efficient entrapment of laccase in the PAP layer was confirmed by determination of both kinetic parameters (maximum current and Michaelis–Menten apparent constant) and analytical performances by chronoamperometry. The Laccase-modified MWCNTs electrode provides an effective biosensor for determination of polyphenols and catecholamines in real matrices; performances of the considered biosensors for real samples analysis are also compared and discussed. 相似文献
129.
Gloria Brusotti Tatiana Adrienne Ngueyem Raffaela Biesuz Gabriele Caccialanza 《Journal of separation science》2010,33(11):1692-1697
Euphorbiaceae barks are known to contain an appreciable amount of polyphenolic compounds responsible for several biological activities. Preliminary extraction from Bridelia grandis stem bark afforded high content of polyphenols, determined by spectrophotometric methods such as Folin–Ciocalteu (for total phenols, TP) and n‐butanol‐HCl (for condensed tannins, CT). A preliminary Plackett–Burman screening design was used to identify the key factors that influence the TP and CT extraction. Between all the variables known to influence the extraction from vegetable matrixes, six were selected; maceration was chosen as traditional extraction methodology. To investigate the effect of solvents and extraction method, methanol, acetone 70% (v/v in water), centrifugation and ultrasound were chosen. A full factorial design 23 was applied to optimize the extraction procedure. The responses were obtained analyzing the extracts for their TP and CT contents determined by the above‐mentioned spectrophotometric methods. The results confirm that, within the explored domain, the optimum solvent is methanol and the optimum method is one‐cycle centrifugation. Finally, it was also compared with the effect of maceration on the considered responses. It has never given results better than centrifugation, whereas in the case of CT it represents an advantage to employ a three‐cycle centrifugation instead of one. 相似文献
130.
Gabriela Wallova Norbert Kandler Gabriele Wallner 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2010,286(2):429-433
This work describes a procedure for the isolation of 90Sr and 210Pb from deer bones by anion exchange methods and their sequential measurement by LSC. To prevent collection of Pb on the Sr·Spec® resin we first separated Pb on a Dowex anion exchange column. Sr, which is not held back on the Dowex column, was then purified using Sr·Spec® resin: first Ca and the Ra isotopes were eluted with 3 M HNO3 and then Sr was eluted with distilled water. With this 2-steps procedure pure 210Pb and 90Sr spectra can be achieved. The chemical yield of both steps was determined by ICP-MS. Our 90Sr results show satisfying agreement with data obtained by a shorter Sr·Spec® method and also by the “classical” 90Sr determination using fuming nitric acid. Also 210Pb results were checked by re-measuring bone samples with already known 210Pb activities. Further our method was verified on the reference sample IAEA-A-12. 相似文献