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51.
Jane E. Frommer 《高分子科学杂志,A辑:纯化学与应用化学》2013,50(3-4):449-454
The incorporation of solvent molecules into solid-state organic conductors affects both electrical and mechanical properties of the conducting complexes. Evidence for this has been appearing from the numerous laboratories currently involved in conducting polymer research. On compiling these examples, common rationale for the observed effects can be formulated based largely on the behavior of smaller molecules as found in the organic literature. Nonetheless, the examples must be considered on a case-to-case basis. In assigning the source of solvent effects, the determination of whether solvation is occurring on the charged polymer backbone or on the (oppositely charged) dopant counterion is critical. Among the proposed causes of solvent effects are solvent-separated ion pairing, charge depinning, and plasticization. 相似文献
52.
The problem of sound diffraction by an absorbing sphere due to a monopole point source was investigated. The theoretical models were extended to consider the case of sound diffraction by an absorbing sphere with a locally reacting boundary or an extended reaction boundary placed above an outdoor ground surface of finite impedance. The separation of variables techniques and appropriate wave field expansions were used to derive the analytical solutions. By adopting an image method, the solutions could be formulated to account for the multiple scattering of sound between the sphere and its image near a flat acoustically hard or an impedance ground. The effect of ground on the reflected sound fields was incorporated in the theoretical model by employing an approximate analytical solution known as the Weyl-van der Pol formula. An approximation solution was suggested to determine the scattering coefficients from a set of linearly coupled complex equations for an absorbing sphere not too close to the ground. The approximate method substantially reduced the computational time for calculating the sound field. Preliminary measurements were conducted to characterize the acoustical properties of an absorbing sphere made of open cell polyurethane foam. Subsequent experiments were carried out to demonstrate the validity of the proposed theoretical models for various source/receiver configurations around the sphere above an acoustically hard ground and an impedance ground. Satisfactory comparative results were obtained between the theoretical predictions and experimental data. It was found that the theoretical predictions derived from the approximate solution agreed well with the results obtained by using the exact solutions. 相似文献
53.
Andreas Frommer 《Numerische Mathematik》1987,52(5):511-521
Summary In many cases when Newton's method, applied to a nonlinear sytemF(x)=0, produces a monotonically decreasing sequence of iterates, Brown's method converges monotonically, too. We compare the iterates of Brown's and Newton's method in these monotone cases with respect to the natural partial ordering. It turns out that in most of the cases arising in applications Brown's method then produces better iterates than Newton's method. 相似文献
54.
J. Billiter K. Bennewitz N. Bjerrum N. E. Loomis S. F. Acree C. N. Murray G. M. Kline M. R. Meacham Florence Fenwick Fr. L. Hahn M. Frommer I. Lifschitz M. Reggiani D. A. Mc Innes M. Dole C. W. Foulk M. Hollingsworth L. R. Parks H. C. Beard K. W. Franke J. J. Willaman Lava Hemedes H. T. S. Britton R. A. Robinson W. H. Harrison P. N. Vridhachalam J. J. Shukoff G. P. Awsejewitsch L. W. Elder Jr. P. Jolibois G. Fouretier P. Dubois H. A. Bromley L. W. Causer A. de Waele T. Callan S. Horrobin R. J. Fosbinder E. H. Ducloux 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》1932,90(11-12):432-443
55.
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57.
Michele Benzi Andreas Frommer Reinhard Nabben Daniel B. Szyld 《Numerische Mathematik》2001,89(4):605-639
The convergence of multiplicative Schwarz-type methods for solving linear systems when the coefficient matrix is either a
nonsingular M-matrix or a symmetric positive definite matrix is studied using classical and new results from the theory of splittings.
The effect on convergence of algorithmic parameters such as the number of subdomains, the amount of overlap, the result of
inexact local solves and of “coarse grid” corrections (global coarse solves) is analyzed in an algebraic setting. Results
on algebraic additive Schwarz are also included. 相似文献
58.
Sahli H. Bechhold E. Salkowski Jos Bilinski B. Wagner H. Citron Rudolf Adler Oscar Adler Ad. Jolles C. Neuberg Wilh Neimann B. Tollens V. Frommer Lindemann Ludw E. Nicolas A. Gürber Martin Krüger Jul Schmidt Fr. W. Schildbach Alex Raphael E. Abderhalden Fr. Pregl Paul Ehrlich O. Neubauer Rich Bauer Erwin Rohde und E. Voisenet 《Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry》1906,45(5-6):397-404
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
59.
Atmaja B Frommer J Scott JC 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2006,22(10):4734-4740
We present a procedure to fabricate extremely smooth Au films supported on thin elastomeric (PDMS) substrates. Minimum rms roughness and largest grain size are obtained using Si wafers, coated with native oxide and release layers, as templates for the growth of thermally evaporated Au films. The wafers are held at a temperature of 300 degrees C during deposition. The Au films, up to 200 nm thick, are then transferred onto poly(dimethylsiloxane) substrates which have been previously surface-functionalized with a (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane adhesion layer. The resulting Au films have been found by AFM to be extremely smooth with rms-roughness 2.5-4 angstroms and to exhibit a crystalline morphology with flat grains >500 nm in size. Thinner films, down to 20 nm, are grown at lower temperature and are comparably smooth, but with a loss in crystalline morphology. We compare the results of this optimized procedure with other gold films grown on mica sheets as templates and to those produced using Ti-O-Si interfacial chemistry. 相似文献
60.
Andreas Frommer 《Numerische Mathematik》1988,54(1):105-116
Summary Applying Newton's method to a particular system of nonlinear equations we derive methods for the simultaneous computation of all zeros of generalized polynomials. These generalized polynomials are from a function space satisfying a condition similar to Haar's condition. By this approach we bring together recent methods for trigonometric and exponential polynomials and a well-known method for ordinary polynomials. The quadratic convergence of these methods is an immediate consequence of our approach and needs not to be proved explicitly. Moreover, our approach yields new interesting methods for ordinary, trigonometric and exponential polynomials and methods for other functions occuring in approximation theory. 相似文献