Magnetic moments of85–90Y nuclei

Low temperature nuclear orientation (LTNO) of neutron deficient^{85m, 86m+}g,^{87m, 90m}Y nuclei is described. The magnetic moments are compared with those of neighbouring nuclei.     

A direct conversion of esters to nitriles

Treatment of an ester with dimethylaluminum amide

in refluxing xylene produces a nitrile in good yield.     

Flat map areal topography in Macaca mulatta based on combined MRI and histology

Flattened representations are a useful approach to represent the convoluted complex surface of the neocortex of primates and other large-brained mammals. In this study, we compared the flattened representation of neocortical areas obtained from the recently published MRI and histology atlas of the rhesus monkey brain (Saleem KS, Logothetis NK. A combined MRI and histology atlas of the rhesus monkey brain in stereotaxic coordinates. London: Academic; 2007) with other previously published maps. Our results confirm that flat map representations are advantageous due to their ease of use and that current flat maps are well comparable to each other. Some differences arise due to different distinguishing criteria and here too flat maps can help to reveal them.     

Impact of farming awareness based roguing,insecticide spraying and optimal control on the dynamics of mosaic disease

Control interventions and farming knowledge are equally important for plant disease control. In this article, a mathematical model has been derived using saturated response functions (nonlinear infection rate) for studying the dynamics of mosaic disease with farming awareness based roguing (removal of infected plants) and insecticide spraying . It is assumed that the use of roguing and spraying depend on the level of awareness about the disease. The model possesses three equilibria namely the trivial, which is always unstable, the disease-free equilibrium which is stable if the basic reproduction number is below unity and the coexisting which may be stable or can exhibit Hopf-bifurcation under certain condition. Finally, we have opted an optimal control problem introducing three control parameters for determining the optimal level of roguing, spraying and cost regarding media awareness for cost-effective control of mosaic disease. Numerical simulations establish the main results suggesting that the awareness campaigns through radio, TV advertisement are important for eradication of the disease. Also, awareness campaign, roguing and spraying should be incorporated with optimal level for cost effective control of mosaic disease.

     

Dynamics of mosaic disease with roguing and delay in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Jatropha curcas</Emphasis> plantations

In this paper, we consider the multi-Galerkin and multi-collocation methods for solving the Urysohn integral equation with a smooth kernel, using Legendre polynomial basis functions. Superconvergence results for the approximate and iterated approximate solutions of the proposed methods are obtained in both infinity and \(L^2\)-norm. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the theoretical results.     

Thermal recrystallization of physical vapor deposition based germanium thin films on bulk silicon (100)

We demonstrate a simple, low‐cost, and scalable process for obtaining uniform, smooth surfaced, high quality mono‐crystalline germanium (100) thin films on silicon (100). The germanium thin films were deposited on a silicon substrate using plasma‐assisted sputtering based physical vapor deposition. They were crystallized by annealing at various temperatures ranging from 700 °C to 1100 °C. We report that the best quality germanium thin films are obtained above the melting point of germanium (937 °C), thus offering a method for in‐situ Czochralski process. We show well‐behaved high‐κ /metal gate metal–oxide–semiconductor capacitors (MOSCAPs) using this film. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Numerical simulation of the performance of a novel parabolic solar receiver filled with nanofluid

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - The aim of this work is the energy analysis of a novel semicircle-shaped parabolic trough solar collector filled with the water–boehmite alumina...     

Lipase-catalyzed green synthesis of starch–maleate monoesters and its characterization

The present study reports the green synthesis of starch–maleate (SM) at ambient temperature in solvent-free system using Rhizopus arrhizus lipase as a biocatalyst and maleic acid (MA) as an esterification agent. The synthetic scheme was found to be efficient, economical, and ecofriendly. The newly synthesized SM samples were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR) spectroscopic techniques. The degree of substitution (DS) was found in the range of 0.53–0.62. Moreover, DS was found to be temperature and time-dependent. X-ray diffraction (XRD) exhibited that maleation did not change the crystalline nature of native starch. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that size of SM granules was in the range of 4–18 µm. The activation energy (E_a) of SM formation was calculated to be 42.94 kcal mol^?1 which clearly indicated the effective and rapid interaction of functional groups. Hence, the solvent-free solid-state synthetic methodology proved to be excellent for the synthesis of novel biomaterials with appreciable high DS for drug delivery and sorption of heavy metal ions from water.     

Study of Nonlinear Models of Oscillatory Systems by Applying an Intelligent Computational Technique

In this paper, we have analyzed the mathematical model of various nonlinear oscillators arising in different fields of engineering. Further, approximate solutions for different variations in oscillators are studied by using feedforward neural networks (NNs) based on the backpropagated Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm (BLMA). A data set for different problem scenarios for the supervised learning of BLMA has been generated by the Runge–Kutta method of order 4 (RK-4) with the “NDSolve” package in Mathematica. The worth of the approximate solution by NN-BLMA is attained by employing the processing of testing, training, and validation of the reference data set. For each model, convergence analysis, error histograms, regression analysis, and curve fitting are considered to study the robustness and accuracy of the design scheme.