Experimental demonstration of the enhanced transmission through circular and rectangular sub-wavelength apertures using omega-like split-ring resonators

Enhanced transmission through circular and rectangular sub-wavelength apertures using omega-shaped split-ring resonator is numerically and experimentally demonstrated at microwave frequencies. We report a more than 150,000-fold enhancement through a deep sub-wavelength aperture drilled in a metallic screen. To the authors’ best knowledge, this is the highest experimentally obtained enhancement factor reported in the literature. In the paper, we address also the origins and the physical reasons behind the enhancement results. Moreover, we report on the differences occurring when using circular, rectangular apertures as well as double-sided and single-sided omega-like split ring resonator structures.     

Mineralogical, geochemical and radiological characterisation of Selmo Formation in Batman area, Turkey

This work deals with the mineralogical, geochemical and radiological characterisations of Selmo Formation in Batman neighbourhood. The upper Miocene-Pliocene Selmo Formation is common in the centre of Batman and composed of carbonated sandy claystones and silty-sandy stone lenses. The common whole minerals of the samples are quartz, feldspars, calcite and dolomite. The clay minerals are smectite, illite, chlorite and mixed-layer clay (chlorite-smectite). The geochemical mean values of the samples are 51.7% SiO(2); 12.6% Al(2)O(3); 6.2% Fe(2)O(3); 3.6% MgO; 6.3% CaO; 1.1% Na(2)O; 1.7% K(2)O; 0.8% TiO(2); 0.2% P(2)O(5); 0.1% MnO; and 0.03% Cr(2)O(3). In addition, baseline maps for the concentrations of each radionuclide, the radium equivalent activity and the outdoor gamma dose rate distributions have been plotted for the study area. The mean activity concentrations of (226)Ra, (232)Th, (40)K and (137)Cs were determined to be 32, 24, 210 and 9?Bq?kg(-1), respectively. The assessments of the radiological hazard indices, such as radium equivalent activity, absorbed dose rate in air, annual effective dose equivalent, excess lifetime cancer risk, external hazard index and internal hazard index, were calculated and compared with the internationally accepted reference values. This study shows that the concentrations of radioactivities in the measured samples were within the recommended safety limits and did not pose to be any significant source of radiation hazard.     

Two-dimensional Rydberg gases and the quantum hard-squares model

We study a two-dimensional lattice gas of atoms that are photoexcited to Rydberg states in which they interact via the van?der?Waals interaction. We explore the regime of dominant nearest-neighbor interaction where this system is intimately connected with a quantum version of Baxter's hard-squares model. We show that the strongly correlated ground state of the Rydberg gas can be analytically described by a projected entangled pair state that constitutes the ground state of the quantum hard-squares model. This correspondence allows us to identify a phase boundary where the Rydberg gas undergoes a transition from a disordered (liquid) phase to an ordered (solid) phase.     

Bright,dark and singular optical solitons in a power law media with fourth order dispersion

This study focuses on exact solutions of nonlinear Schrödinger equation in a power law media with fourth order dispersion. Jacobi elliptic functions will be used to carry out the integration of this equation. Bright, dark and singular optical soliton solutions are obtained as well as Jacobi elliptic function solutions.     

The Third Generation (e,e′K~+) A Hypernuclear Spectroscopy at Jlab

We are now preparing for the third generation (e,e′K~+) A hypernuclear spectroscopic experiment at Hall C,Jefferson Lab (USA).The goal of the experiment is the precise spectroscopy of hypernuclei in wide mass region.We have constructed a new high resolution electron spectrometer "HES" dedicated to (e,e′K~+) hypernuclear study in Japan and it was shipped to JLab in February,2008.We will discuss about the physics of the (e,e′K~+) hypernuclear study at JLab and report the current preparation status of the third generatrion experiment.     

Determination of Phthalates in Milk by Ultrasound-Assisted Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry

Ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction was coupled with gas chromatography—mass spectrometry for the determination of phthalate esters in milk. Dimethyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, benzyl butyl phthalate, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, and dioctyl phthalate were analyzed in five brands of pasteurized Turkish milk. The efficiencies of the extraction procedure for the analytes were between 66 and 100%. The linear dynamic ranges of the calibration curves were from 0.025 to 1.000 µg/mL with correlation coefficients exceeding 0.99. The precision of the method is acceptable with relative standard deviation values below 5%. Dibutyl phthalate and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate were commonly observed in milk.     

Numerical modelling of continuous concrete box girder bridges considering construction stages

The aim of this study is to analyse the concrete continuous box girder bridges by considering segmentally construction stages through balanced cantilever method. Time-dependent material properties of concrete and steel are also taken into account. Budan Bridge is selected as a numerical example. The Bridge constructed with balanced cantilever method and located on Artvin–Erzurum highway, Turkey, at 55 + 729.00–56 + 079.00 km is modelled using SAP2000 program. Geometric nonlinearities are taken into consideration in the analysis using P-Delta and large displacement criterion. Time-dependent material properties are considered as compressive strength, aging, shrinkage and creep for concrete, and relaxation for steel. The structural behaviour of the bridge at different construction stages is examined. Variation of internal forces such as bending moment, shear forces and axial forces, and displacements for bridge deck and pier are given with detail.Analyses show that, to obtain real behaviour of concrete bridges, segmentally construction stage analysis using time dependent material properties and geometric nonlinearity should be considered, because construction period continue along time and loads may change during this period and after.