Characterization of nanocrystals in laser condensates deposited through vanadium evaporation in an oxygen atmosphere

The influence of the substrate temperature T _sub (20–360°C) and the oxygen pressure P(O₂) (5 × 10⁻³−0.13 Pa) in an evaporation chamber on the structure and phase composition of films prepared through laser sputtering of a vanadium target is investigated by electron diffraction and in situ transmission electron microscopy (with the use of the bend extinction contour technique for determining the bending of the crystal lattice). It is demonstrated that the oxygen content in the films increases with an increase in the oxygen pressure P(O₂) at a fixed substrate temperature T _sub and decreases with an increase in the substrate temperature T _sub at a fixed oxygen pressure P(O₂). The conditions responsible for the formation and composition of the crystalline (VO_0.9) and amorphous (V₂O₃) phases in the films are determined. It is established that the phase composition of the film depends on the angle of condensation of the vapor-plasma flow. The crystallization of the V₂O₃ amorphous phase is accompanied by an increase in the density by 9.2%. It is revealed that the V₂O₃ spherulites growing in the amorphous film have a bent crystal lattice. The bending of the crystal lattice can be as large as ∼42 deg/μm.

     

Modified Coumarins. 9. Synthesis of Amino-Acid Derivatives of 3-(2,3,5-Trimethyl-7-oxofuro[3,2-g]chromen-6-yl)propanoic Acid

Furocoumarins modified by amino acids were prepared by condensation of the N-hydroxysuccinimide ester of 3-(2,3,5-trimethyl-7-oxofuro[3,2-g]chromen-6-yl)propanoic acid with amino acids.     

On a new calcium vanadate: synthesis, structure and Li insertion behavior

A synthetic form of the mineral hewettite was prepared via a new route in aqueous medium, starting either from the crystalline compound Li_1.1V₃O₈, or from its amorphous precursor. The anhydrous, crystalline derivative Ca_0.5V₃O₈ was obtained by heating the synthetic hewettite at 250°C under dynamic vacuum. The diffraction studies show that the 2D structure of Ca_0.5V₃O₈ involves the same V₃O₈ layers as in the hewettite or in Li_1+αV₃O₈. The stacking of the layers is similar to that in the metahewettite. A structural model is proposed, where the Ca²⁺ ions occupy octahedral sites in the interlayer space. The electrochemical behavior of Ca_0.5V₃O₈ vs. lithium insertion is presented. It is original and reveals particularly good performances in terms of stability during cycling at C/5 rate. The homologues obtained with Mg or Ba, instead of Ca, are briefly presented.     

Investigation into the absolute stereochemistry of the marine sponge alkaloid pyrinodemin A

The absolute configuration of the marine sponge alkaloid pyrinodemin A is established by organic synthesis.     

Dicyclopentadienyl complexes of titanium,niobium, and tungsten in the controlled synthesis of poly(methyl methacrylate)

Organometallic compounds Cp₂TiCl₂, (EtC₅H₄)₂NbCl₂, and (PrⁱC₅H₄)₂WCl₂ were assessed as additives that control polymer chain growth in the polymerization of methyl methacrylate. In the presence of compounds mentioned in amounts comparable with that of the initiator, a uniform process with no gel-effect occured and respective linear increase in the molecular weight of the polymer up to high degrees of the monomer conversion was observed.     

Nuclear superstructure {1/2, 0, 1/2} of an La<Subscript>0.93</Subscript>Sr<Subscript>0.07</Subscript>MnO<Subscript>3</Subscript> manganite orthorhombic crystal

The {1/2, 0, 1/2} nuclear superstructure in an La_0.93Sr_0.07MnO₃ manganite orthorhombic crystal is revealed using thermal-neutron diffraction. It is demonstrated that this superlattice belongs to the class of distortion-type structures and is directly associated with a 1/16-type ordering of Mn⁴⁺ and Mn³⁺ ions in a collinear ferromagnetic phase of the La_0.93Sr_0.07MnO₃ manganite.     

Effect of Ultrasonic Treatment on Pearlite Structure and Properties

The influence of ultrasonic shock treatment on variation in the pearlite structure and properties is studied in the surface layer of carburized steel. It is shown that plastic deformation results in carbon redistribution and formation of new phases.