Adsorption of uranium ions by crosslinked polyester resin functionalized with acrylic acid from aqueous solutions

In this paper, the crosslinked polyester resin containing acrylic acid functional groups was used for the adsorption of uranium ions from aqueous solutions. For this purpose, the crosslinked polyester resin of unsaturated polyester in styrene monomer (Polipol 353, Poliya) and acrylic acid as weight percentage at 80 and 20%, respectively was synthesized by using methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEK_p, Butanox M60, Azo Nobel)-cobalt octoate initiator system. The adsorption of uranium ions on the sample (0.05 g copolymer and 5 mL of U(VI) solution were mixed) of the crosslinked polyester resin functionalized with acrylic acid was carried out in a batch reactor. The effects of adsorption parameters of the contact time, temperature, pH of solution and initial uranium(VI) concentration for U(VI) adsorption on the crosslinked polyester resin functionalized with acrylic acid were investigated. The adsorption data obtained from experimental results depending on the initial U(VI) concentration were analyzed by the Freundlich, Langmuir and Dubinin–Radushkevich (D–R) adsorption isotherms. The adsorption capacity and free energy change were determined by using D–R isotherm. The obtained experimental adsorption data depending on temperature were evaluated to calculate the thermodynamic parameters of enthalpy (ΔH°), entropy (ΔS°) and free energy change (ΔG°) for the U(VI) adsorption on the crosslinked polyester resin functionalized with acrylic acid from aqueous solutions. The obtained adsorption data depending on contact time were analyzed by using adsorption models such as the modified Freundlich, Elovich, pseudo-first order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models.     

An experimental and theoretical approach to the molecular structure of 3‐{[4‐(3‐Methyl‐3‐phenyl‐cyclobutyl)‐thiazol‐2‐yl]‐hydrazono}‐1,3‐dihydro‐ indol‐2‐one

The title molecule, 3‐{[4‐(3‐methyl‐3‐phenyl‐cyclobutyl)‐thiazol‐2‐yl]‐hydrazono}‐1,3‐dihydro‐indol‐2‐one (C₂₂H₂₀N₄O₁S₁), was prepared and characterized by ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, IR, UV–visible, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21 with a = 8.3401(5), b = 5.6976(3), c = 20.8155(14) Å, and β = 95.144(5)°. Molecular geometry from X‐ray experiment and vibrational frequencies of the title compound in the ground state has been calculated using the Hartree–Fock with 6‐31G(d, p) and density functional method (B3LYP) with 6‐31G(d, p) and 6‐311G(d, p) basis sets, and compared with the experimental data. The calculated results show that optimized geometries can well reproduce the crystal structural parameters, and the theoretical vibrational frequencies values show good agreement with experimental data. Density functional theory calculations of the title compound and thermodynamic properties were performed at B3LYP/6‐31G(d, p) level of theory. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2012     

On the Schrödinger-Maxwell system involving sublinear terms

In this paper, we study the coupled Schrödinger-Maxwell system

(SM_λ)     

Symmetries of boundary layer equations of power-law fluids of second grade

A modified power-law fluid of second grade is considered. The model is a combination of power-law and second grade fluid in which the fluid may exhibit normal stresses, shear thinning or shear thickening behaviors. The equations of motion are derived for two dimensional incompressible flows, and from which the boundary layer equations are derived. Symmetries of the boundary layer equations are found by using Lie group theory, and then group classification with respect to power-law index is performed. By using one of the symmetries, namely the scaling symmetry, the partial differential system is transformed into an ordinary differential system, which is numerically integrated under the classical boundary layer conditions. Effects of power-law index and second grade coefficient on the boundary layers are shown and solutions are contrasted with the usual second grade fluid solutions.     

二氧化碳在砂岩透镜体中充注封存的盖层岩石抗断裂性能分析

把CO2这一主要的温室气体注入到地下深处具有适当封闭条件的地层中进行封存和隔离,已被公认为是有效减少CO2排放量的一种比较安全的技术途径。砂岩透镜体油气藏具有良好的圈闭构造和储层物性,油气濒临枯竭的砂岩透镜体是较理想的CO2地质封存箱。基于币形裂纹模型和水力致裂原理,将纵向厚度和横向展布长度均远小于盖层岩石尺度的水平产状砂岩透镜体简化为盖层岩石中的I型币形裂纹,从岩石断裂力学角度分析封存箱盖层岩石的抗断裂性能。采用叠加原理给出了盖层岩石币形裂纹尖端（砂岩透镜体尖灭部位）应力强度因子的计算公式,在此基础上提出了断裂力学判别准则（K=KIC）和临界有效压应力判别准则（P=PC）,从岩石断裂力学角度为砂岩透镜体封存箱盖层岩石抗断裂性能分析和评价提供了一种新的研究思路。     

Experimental investigation of inclined liquid water jet flow onto vertically located superhydrophobic surfaces

In this study, the behaviour of an inclined water jet, which is impinged onto hydrophobic and superhydrophobic surfaces, has been investigated experimentally. Water jet was impinged with different inclination angles (15°–45°) onto five different hydrophobic surfaces made of rough polymer, which were held vertically. The water contact angles on these surfaces were measured as 102°, 112°, 123°, 145° and 167° showing that the last surface was superhydrophobic. Two different nozzles with 1.75 and 4 mm in diameters were used to create the water jet. Water jet velocity was within the range of 0.5–5 m/s, thus the Weber number varied from 5 to 650 and Reynolds number from 500 to 8,000 during the experiments. Hydrophobic surfaces reflected the liquid jet depending on the surface contact angle, jet inclination angle and the Weber number. The variation of the reflection angle with the Weber number showed a maximum value for a constant jet angle. The maximum value of the reflection angle was nearly equal to half of the jet angle. It was determined that the viscous drag decreases as the contact angle of the hydrophobic surface increases. The drag force on the wall is reduced dramatically with superhydrophobic surfaces. The amount of reduction of the average shear stress on the wall was about 40%, when the contact angle of the surface was increased from 145° to 167°. The area of the spreading water layer decreased as the contact angle of the surface increased and as the jet inclination angle, Weber number and Reynolds number decreased.     

An experimental investigation into the effect of vortex generators on the near-wake flow of a circular cylinder

The effect of the streamwise vortex generators on the near-wake flow structure of a circular cylinder was experimentally investigated. Digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV) measurements were performed in a large circulating water tunnel facility at a Reynolds number of 41,300 where the flow around a bare cylinder was expected to be at the sub-critical flow state. In order to capture various flow properties and to provide a detailed wake flow topology, the DPIV images were analysed with three different but complementary flow field decomposition techniques which are Reynolds averaging, phase averaging and proper orthogonal decomposition (POD). The effect of the vortex generators was clearly demonstrated both in qualitative and in quantitative manner. Various topological features such as vorticity and stress distribution of the flow fields as well as many other key flow characteristics including the length scales and the Strouhal number were discussed in the study. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the study presents the first DPIV visualization of the near-wake flow of a circular cylinder fitted with the vortex generators in the open literature.     

INCORPORATION AND INFLUENCE OF VARIABILITY IN AN AGGREGATED FOREST MODEL

ABSTRACT. Variability influences ecological processes at various scales and is incorporated in different ways in forest models. The forest model Dis CFor M scales an individual based, stochastic forest patch model up to a height structured tree population model. To describe the variability arising from stochastic processes in the patch model, Dis CFor M uses theoretical random dispersions of trees in each height class over all patches. This yields a spatial distribution of light and consequently of light dependent process rates. Three major influences of variability on simulations are examined: site condition, patch to patch, and temporal environmental variability. Simulation studies and comparison with forest compositions from the Swiss National Forest Inventory reveal that these influences affect simulated forest dynamics, species composition, and biodiversity, depending on climatic boundary conditions and hence have to be taken into account in modeling.     

Parallel Simulated Annealing Algorithms in Global Optimization

Global optimization involves the difficult task of the identification of global extremities of mathematical functions. Such problems are often encountered in practice in various fields, e.g., molecular biology, physics, industrial chemistry. In this work, we develop five different parallel Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithms and compare them on an extensive test bed used previously for the assessment of various solution approaches in global optimization. The parallel SA algorithms consist of various categories: the asynchronous approach where no information is exchanged among parallel runs and the synchronous approaches where solutions are exchanged using genetic operators, or where solutions are transmitted only occasionally, or where highly coupled synchronization is achieved at every iteration. One of these approaches, which occasionally applies partial information exchanges (controlled in terms of solution quality), provides particularly notable results for functions with vast search spaces of up to 400 dimensions. Previous attempts with other approaches, such as sequential SA, adaptive partitioning algorithms and clustering algorithms, to identify the global optima of these functions have failed without exception.     

线接触弹性接触变形的解析算法

以一般光滑性体接触理论为基础,结合有限长弹性体接触的特点,求出线接触弹性接蟹变形的解析公式,并发现其解析解与数值解具有很好的一致性,所得公式可以对赫兹线接触理论加以补充,与经验公式相比,它能够确切反映材料、载荷以及曲率半径等对接触变形的影响,为工程中的精确计算提供了方便。