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An extraction procedure based on cloud point phase separation of nonionic surfactants was used to remove oil contamination from soils. The detergent employed was Triton X-114, and its clouding behavior was monitored by means of a fluorescence probe. Changes in the I (1)I (3) ratio of pyrene indicated gradual dehydration of the detergent micelles upon heating. The rate of phase separation, and the volume and water content of the micellar phase were determined. In the practical clean-up, 85-98% of the oil present in the soil was found to enter the micellar phase of the separated washing liquid. A 15-min washing time with 3-5% detergent was found to be sufficient for this degree of contaminant removal from soil containing 0.009-0.017% oil, using a liquid:solid ratio of 5:2. The extraction efficiency decreased with increasing carbon content of the soil. The process holds promise for large-scale treatment of oil-polluted soils. 相似文献
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Blinov BB Chu CM Courant ED Crandell DA Kaufman WA Krisch A Nurushev TS Phelps RA Raczkowski DB Ratner LG Wong VK Caussyn DD Derbenev YS Ellison TJ Lee SY Rinckel T Schwandt P Sperisen F Stephenson EJ von Przewoski B Baiod R Minty MG Ohmori C Wienands U 《Physical review letters》1994,73(12):1621-1623
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L. K. Kostov W. Andrejtscheff L. G. Kostova A. Dewald G. Böhm K. O. Zell P. von Brentano 《Zeitschrift für Physik A Hadrons and Nuclei》1994,348(2):79-86
Applying delayed- r.f. coincidences and generalized centroid-shift analysis, nanosecond isomers in some odd-A iodine isotopes are studied in-beam. The reactions106Cd(12C,p2n) and116,118Sn(6Li,3n) have been used. The following half-lives were determined:T
1/2(565 keV)=0.50±0.10 ns andT
1/2(837 keV) =0.90±0.20 ns in115I,T
1/2(687 keV)=5.50±0.50 ns andT
1/2(2418 keV)=4.0±0.50 ns in119I as well asT
1/2(812 keV)=0.35±0.20 ns andT
1/2(445 keV)<0.10 ns=">0.10>121I. A systematics of the absolute probabilities for the transitions deexciting theg
9/2 9/2+ and
11/2 11/2
1
–
band heads in115–125I is presented and discussed.Partly supported by the Bulgarian National Research Foundation under contracts PH14, and PH31 and Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Stabsabteilung Internationale Beziehungen 相似文献
119.
The hot luminescent reaction zones of CO2-laser-induced pyrolysis flames using SiH4/C2H2 gas mixtures with different silane to acetylene ratios and with and without diborane additives were investigated by means of H2
Q-branch CARS spectroscopy, leading to spatial temperature profiles in gas flow direction. In the case of B2H6 additive to the stoichiometric SiH4/C2H2 mixture a high temperature plateau ( 800–1000 K) of the reactant gas volume develops already several millimetres before reaching the CO2-laser focus line. This precursor preheating zone could be explained by the catalytic effect of boron atoms or boron-containing intermediate species in the flame. A similar behaviour for acetylene-rich flames operating at half laser power was not observed. 相似文献
120.