Nitrosation of methyl 2-acylamino-3-dimethylaminopropenoates. A simple conversion of n-acylglycines into 5-substituted 1,2,4-Oxadiazole-3-carboxylates

A novel simple synthesis of 5-substituted-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-carboxylates 5 from N-acylglycines 1 , which are transformed with DMF in the presence of phosphorus oxychloride into 2-substituted-4-dimethyl-aminomethyleneoxazol-5(4H)-ones 2 , followed by opening into 2-aroylamino-3-dimethylamino-propenoates 3 , and nitrosation to give the oximes 4 as intermediates, which cyclize spontaneously into 5-substituted-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-carboxylates 5 . The compounds 2 can be transformed into 5 without isolation of 3 and 4 .     

Food safety: screening tests used to detect and quantify GMO proteins

GMO protein content in maize flours or fresh crops can be easily assessed by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and immunochromatographic (lateral flow) strip tests commercially available. Therefore, ELISA can be seen as a useful tool for screening, for control purposes and for traceability implementation. In order to highlight the importance of monitoring GMO protein presence in food products and to investigate the performance of representative ELISA commercial kits, we evaluated three commercial kits by measuring the amount of Cry1Ab/Cry1Ac in IRMM certified reference materials. Presented at AOAC Europe/Eurachem Symposium March 2005, Brussels, Belgium     

An AM1 and DFT-AM1 computational study of methyl phenylpropiolate addition to 1-phenyl-3,4-dimethylphosphole

The transition state structures for the addition of maleic acid anhydride and methyl phenylpropiolate to 1-phenyl-3,4-dimethylphosphole were generated with the AM1 semiempirical method. The competitive transition state structures for 1,5-phenyl rearrangement in 1-phenyl-3,4-dimethylphosphole was also optimized with AM1. The energies were evaluated with the SVWN and Becke3LYP DFT methods using a 6-31G(d) basis set. The reaction outcome based on the evaluated energies were discussed and compared with experimental observations.     

Heterocyclic alpha-alkylidene cyclopentenones obtained via a Pauson-Khand reaction of amino acid derived allenynes. A scope and limitation study directed toward the preparation of a tricyclic pyrrole library

The synthesis of a novel class of tricyclic pyrroles has been accomplished by using a Pauson-Khand/Stetter/Paal-Knorr reaction sequence. Full details of the Pauson-Khand reaction of amino acid tethered allenynes 4a-e and 9a-d are disclosed. The study of this reaction led to the discovery of an unprecedented substituent effect on the diastereoselectivity of the Mo(CO)6 mediated allenic Pauson-Khand reaction. It was found that amino acid tethered allenynes with aromatic side chains afford alpha-alkylidene cyclopentenones with the opposite diastereoselectivity compared to those with aliphatic side chains. This effect has been attributed to complexation of the metal mediator to the aromatic ring in the substrate. Furthermore, an isomerization of one of the diastereomers of the alpha-alkylidene cyclopentenones was encountered, leading to eventual decomposition. The stable diastereomers were found to react well in the Stetter reaction leading to 1,4-diketones that were converted to pyrroles. The observation that the first generation of 2-alkyl-substituted pyrroles was unstable led to a second generation of 2-carboxamide pyrroles with sufficient stability for biological tests which are in progress.     

Die thermische Zersetzung der Erdalkalinitrate

Zusammenfassung Die Zersetzung von Calcium-, Strontium- und Bariumnitrat wurde thermogravimetrisch untersucht. Die Zersetzungstemperaturen wurden bei einer Erwärmungsgeschwindigkeit von 5° C/min festgestellt und isotherme Messungen in einem breiterem Temperaturintervall ausgeführt. Die Bedingungen, bei welchen Ba(NO₃)₂ quantitativ zu BaO₂ zerfällt, werden angegeben und der Einfluß der Menge des Nitrates, der Atmosphäre (O₂, N₂) und der Schmelze auf die Zersetzungsgeschwindigkeit untersucht.

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The decomposition of calcium, strontium and barium nitrates has been studied by thermogravimetric analysis. The decomposition temperature has been determined at a heating rate of 5° C/min and isothermal measurements are given for various temperatures. The experimental conditions for quantitative transition of Ba(NO₃)₂ to BaO₂ are given. The influence of different factors such as the quantity of nitrates, atmosphere (nitrogen, oxygen) and melt on the decomposition have been determined.

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Mit 6 Abbildungen

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Auszug aus einem Teil der Magisterarbeit vonF. Lazarini.     

Transformations of N-heteroarylformamidines and N-heteroarylformamidine oximes new syntheses and transformations of oxazolo[5,4—c]pyridazines

New approaches to the synthesis of oxazolo[5,4—c]pyridazine derivatives7 and15 starting from the substituted N-pyridazin-5-ylformamide oximes5 and13 are described. Under mild conditions the transformations of the amino or substituted amino group at position 2 of the oxazolo[5,4—c]pyridazine system were observed to give the compounds16 and17, while under more drastic reaction conditions the nucleophilic attack at position 2 followed by the ring opening of the oxazole part of the molecule was taking place to give the compounds18, 20, and21.

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Transformationen von N-Heteroarylformamidinen und N-Heteroarylformamidinoximen. Neue Synthesen und Transformationen von Oxazolo[5,4—c]pyridazinen

Zusammenfassung Neue Synthesemöglichkeiten von Oxazolo[5,4—c]pyridazinen7 und15, ausgehend von substitutierten N-Pyridazin-5-ylformamid-oximen5 und13 werden beschrieben. Unter milden Reaktionsbedingungen trat Transformation der Amino- oder substituierten Aminogruppe an der Position 2 des Oxazolo[5,4—c]pyridazin-Systems unter Bildung der Verbindungen16 und17 ein, währenddessen unter drastischeren Reaktionsbedingungen ein nucleophiler Angriff am Kohlenstoff der Position 2, gefolgt von einer Ringöffnung des Oxazol-Teils des Moleküls zu Verbindungen18, 20 und21 führte.

     

Dehydration of Aldoximes by Dichlorocarbene in Reverse Micelle

The use of reverse micelle to catalyze the dehydration, on a preparative scale, of aldoximes to nitriles by dichlorocarbene is reported.     

Reactions of methyl 2‐(benzyloxycarbonyl)amino‐3‐dimethylaminopropenoate and related compounds with hydrazines. Regiospecific synthesis of 1‐substituted‐4‐amino‐substituted‐1H‐pyrazol‐5‐(2H)‐ones

In this paper the regiospecific transformations of methyl 2‐(benzyloxycarbonyl)amino‐3‐dimethylaminopropenoate ( 1 ) with hydrazine, alkyl‐, aryl‐ and heteroaryl‐substituted hydrazines via the corresponding hydrazones 12‐16 into pyrazoles 17‐25 are described. Heteroaryl‐substitued hydrazones 13‐16 afforded by oxidation with bromine or lead tetraacetate the corresponding substituted (1,2,4‐triazolo[4,3‐b]pyridazin‐3‐yl)glycinates 27‐30 . Alkyl 2‐(2,2‐disubstituted‐1‐ethenyl)amino‐3‐dimethylaminopropenoates 31‐33 gave with hydrazines alkyl 2‐[2,2‐(disubstituted)ethenyl]amino‐3‐heteroarylhydrazonopropanoates 40‐48 and 2‐alkyl 2,3‐bis((hetero)arylhydrazono)propanoates 51‐55 .     

W4 theory for computational thermochemistry: In pursuit of confident sub-kJ/mol predictions

In an attempt to improve on our earlier W3 theory [A. D. Boese et al., J. Chem. Phys. 120, 4129 (2004)] we consider such refinements as more accurate estimates for the contribution of connected quadruple excitations (T4), inclusion of connected quintuple excitations (T5), diagonal Born-Oppenheimer corrections (DBOC), and improved basis set extrapolation procedures. Revised experimental data for validation purposes were obtained from the latest version of the Active Thermochemical Tables thermochemical network. The recent CCSDT(Q) method offers a cost-effective way of estimating T4, but is insufficient by itself if the molecule exhibits some nondynamical correlation. The latter considerably slows down basis set convergence for T4, and anomalous basis set convergence in highly polar systems makes two-point extrapolation procedures unusable. However, we found that the CCSDTQ-CCSDT(Q) difference converges quite rapidly with the basis set, and that the formula 1.10[CCSDT(Q)cc-pVTZ+CCSDTQcc-pVDZ-CCSDT(Q)cc-pVDZ] offers a very reliable as well as fairly cost-effective estimate of the basis set limit T4 contribution. The T5 contribution converges very rapidly with the basis set, and even a simple double-zeta basis set appears to be adequate. The largest T5 contribution found in the present work is on the order of 0.5 kcal/mol (for ozone). DBOCs are significant at the 0.1 kcal/mol level in hydride systems. Post-CCSD(T) contributions to the core-valence correlation energy are only significant at that level in systems with severe nondynamical correlation effects. Based on the accumulated experience, a new computational thermochemistry protocol for first- and second-row main-group systems, to be known as W4 theory, is proposed. Its computational cost is not insurmountably higher than that of the earlier W3 theory, while performance is markedly superior. Our W4 atomization energies for a number of key species are in excellent agreement (better than 0.1 kcal/mol on average, 95% confidence intervals narrower than 1 kJ/mol) with the latest experimental data obtained from Active Thermochemical Tables. Lower-cost variants are proposed: the sequence W1-->W2.2-->W3.2-->W4lite-->W4 is proposed as a converging hierarchy of computational thermochemistry methods. A simple a priori estimate for the importance of post-CCSD(T) correlation contributions (and hence a pessimistic estimate for the error in a W2-type calculation) is proposed.