An Improved Synthesis of Retinoic Acid from β-Ionone

A convenient and large-scale preparation of retinoic acid 1 from β-ionone in five steps with 38% overall yield is described.The key steps are the epoxidization of 2 with a new methylated agent and the condensation 4 with tetraethyl methylenediphophonate in one-pot procedure to prepare 6.     

免疫珠技术快速检测腹泻性大肠杆菌

采用表面光滑玻璃珠作为载体材料，用1：40的腹泻性大肠杆菌诊断血清进行包被。可制成免疫珠。这种免疫珠能与腹泻性大肠杆菌发生特异性结合。经乳糖蛋白胨培养液培养，然后根据其产酸产气进行判断。能在18h内完成腹泻性大肠杆菌的检测。其灵敏度为样液中含有腹泻性大肠杆菌数必须大于10CFu／mL．该法简单、快速、易操作、灵敏度高。     

A solution procedure for the discrete time, cost and quality tradeoff problem using electromagnetic scatter search

Decisions concerning a project’s expedition, traditionally involved considerations regarding time and cost tradeoff. It was recently suggested that the quality of a project should also be taken into considerations. In this paper, we propose a meta-heuristic solution procedure for the discrete time, cost and quality tradeoff problem. This problem involves the scheduling of project activities in order to minimize the total cost of the project while maximizing the quality of the project and also meeting a given deadline. We apply a so called electromagnetic scatter search to solve this problem. In this process, we initially generate a population of feasible solutions. In so doing, we use frequency memory to well sample the feasible region. A number of these solutions are then selected and improved locally. The improved solutions are then combined to generate new set of solutions. The combination process utilizes attraction–repulsion mechanisms borrowed from the electromagnetism theory. The whole process is stopped when no significant improvement in the set of solutions are observed. The validity of the proposed solution procedure is demonstrated, and its applicability is tested on a randomly generated large and complex problem having 19,900 activities.     

Application of minimal interpolation splines to solve the Cauchy problem

Methods for solving the Cauchy problem are suggested. The use nonpolynomial splines, which ensure the required accuracy for a rather wide class of functions. Computational results are presented.     

Radiation pasteurised oil palm empty fruit bunch fermented with Pleurotus sajor-caju as feed supplement to ruminants

In solid state fermentation, Pleurotus sajor-caju has been found to be able to degrade at least 30% oil palm empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) fibre leaving 70 % useful materials. Conditions under which fermentation carried out were investigated. It was found that, in the temperature range between 25– 28 °C, relative ph between 6–8, moisture between 60–70 % and medium composition of CaCO₃: rice bran 2 %: 5 % were the optimum conditions. The results showed in fermented products that, there were substantial reduction in cellulosic component such as Crude Fiber (CF, 18 %); Acid Detergent Fibre (ADF, 45 %), Neutral Detergent Fibre (NDF, 61 %) and Acid Detergent Lignin (ADL, 14 %). However, Crude Protein (CP, 10%) increased resulted from single cell protein enrichment of mycelial microbial mass. The mass reductions of substrate in fermentation process corresponds to the CO₂ released during fermentation. Hence, attributable to the decreased in content of CF, ADF, NDF, and ADL. The digestibility study has also been carried out to determine the useful level of this product to ruminant. Aflatoxin content was detected low in both the initial substrates and products. Based on nutritional value and low content of aflatoxin, the product is useful as a source of roughage to ruminant.     

Dioxouranium(VI) mixed ligand complexes containingo-substituted benzoic acid and α-amino acids

Summary Mixed ligand complexes of general formula [UO₂L¹L²-(H₂O)_n], where L¹ iso-hydroxy-,o-mercapto- oro-aminobenzoic acid and L² is glycine, L-alanine, or L-valine, have been prepared and characterized. The uranium atom in these complexes is 6- or 8-coordinate. Both acid ligands are bidentate, bonding through the ionized –COO^–– group and either O, N or S atoms.     

Two New Diterpene Acetylxylosides from Aster veitchianus

Two new acetylxylosides,ent-manool-13-O-β-D-2′-acetylxylopyranoside(1)and entmanool-13-O-β-D-2′,4′-diacetylxylopyranoside(2)were isolated from Aster veitchianus.Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods.     

Nonlinear control of systems with multiple equilibria and unknown sinusoidal disturbance

In this paper, nonlinear systems having multiple equilibrium points and low order dynamics are investigated. Roll motions of ships are studied by means of modern nonlinear techniques to exemplify the behavior of such nonlinear systems in the case when they are under the influence of external sinusoidal disturbances with unknown amplitudes. The main objective is to analyze the performance of this system at different operating conditions, including those giving rise to chaos, and to design a controller with an overparameterized structure to stabilize the system at the origin. A nonlinear recursive backstepping controller is proposed and the transient performance is investigated. Lyapunov-based techniques are used to force systematic following of a reference model while introducing a nonlinear parameter estimator to guarantee adaptivity. Robustness problems as well as ways to tune the controller parameters are examined. Simulation results are submitted for the uncontrolled and controlled cases, verifying the effectiveness of the proposed controller. Finally, a discussion and conclusions are given with possible future extensions.     

Sur l'existence des opérateurs d'onde pour l'équation de Wigner dans les espaces L2,pExistence of wave operators for the Wigner equation in L2,p spaces

Basing on the formalism established by Markovich, we show the completeness of wave operators for the Wigner equation in L². In the second part, using estimations proved by Castella and Perthame on the one hand, and the L^p→L^q estimations for the Schrödinger group on the other hand, we prove the existence of the wave operators in L^2,p spaces. To cite this article: H. Emamirad, P. Rogeon, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 334 (2002) 811–816.     

Sorption of cesium from aqueous waste solution on a SuperLigÒ644 resin

Summary The removal of cesium from aqueous waste solution was investigated in a column setup using a relatively coarse SuperLig^ò644 resin. The bed volume (BV=140) at the onset of breakthrough surpassed the design requirement of 100 BV at 50% breakthrough, and also corresponds to 99.96% cesium removal. Cesium elution with 0.5M HNO₃was satisfactory with a peak BV of 2.5. The elution BV for C/C₀=0.01 was 10, which is less than the target of 15 BV. The percent of sorbed cesium eluted was 99.88%. Further, the BV of the various solutions used for the supporting process steps was sufficient.