Three-dimensional concentration mapping of gases using a portable mass spectrometer system

The visualization of hazardous gaseous emissions at volcanoes using in-situ mass spectrometry (MS) is a key step towards a better comprehension of the geophysical phenomena surrounding eruptive activity. In-situ data consisting of helium, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and other gas species, were acquired with a quadrupole based MS system. Global position systems (GPS) and MS data were plotted on ground imagery, topography, and remote sensing data collected by a host of instruments during the second Costa Rica Airborne Research and Technology Applications (CARTA) mission. This combination of gas and imaging data allowed three-dimensional (3D) visualization of the volcanic plume and the mapping of gas concentration at several volcanic structures and urban areas. This combined set of data has demonstrated a better tool to assess hazardous conditions by visualizing and modeling of possible scenarios of volcanic activity. The MS system is used for in-situ measurement of 3D gas concentrations at different volcanic locations with three different transportation platforms: aircraft, auto, and hand-carried. The demonstration for urban contamination mapping is also presented as another possible use for the MS system.     

New congruences for $$\ell $$-regular partitions for $$\ell \in \{5,6,7,49\}$$∈{5,6,7,49}

We find several new congruences for \(\ell \)-regular partitions for \(\ell \in \{5,6,7,49\}\) and also find alternative proofs of the congruences for 10- and 20-regular partitions which were proved earlier by Carlson and Webb (Ramanujan J 33:329–337, 2014) by using the theory of modular forms. We use certain p-dissections of \((q;q)_{\infty }\), \(\psi (q)\), \((q;q)_{\infty }^3\) and \(\psi (q^2)(q;q)_{\infty }^2\).     

Competing forward and reversed chain reactions in one-dimensional molecular line growth on the Si(100)-(2 x 1)-H surface

To explore the role of competing forward and reversed chain reactions in the growth of a one-dimensional (1D) molecular line on the Si(100)-(2 x 1)-H surface, controlled experiments were performed with various alkene molecules by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) at various temperatures. It was observed that the end dangling bond (DB) of a styrene line, fabricated by a chain reaction on the Si(100)-(2 x 1)-H surface at 300 K, initiated a reverse chain reaction at 400 K, leading to the complete disappearance of the styrene line with zero-order desorption kinetics (rate constant k = 1.17 x 10-2 s-1 at 400 K). In the case of 2,4-dimethylstyrene, the reversed chain reaction was observed even at 300 K. These results suggest that the appearance of a molecular line in an STM image is determined by the rates of competing forward and reversed chain reactions at a given temperature. As predicted, 1D lines formed by the DB-initiated chain reaction of 1-hexene and 1-heptene on Si(100)-(2 x 1)-H were observed at 180 K because of the reduced desorption rate, despite the fact that those molecules showed no line growth at 300 K. These results indicate that the scope of forming 1D molecular lines on the Si(100)-(2 x 1)-H surface with various alkenes is much wider than anticipated in previous studies.     

(RS)‐6‐Ethyl 2‐carboxy‐1,2,3,4‐tetra­hydro­azulene‐6‐carboxylate

The title compound, C₁₄H₁₆O₄, was obtained during the synthesis of 2,6‐disubstituted azulene derivatives. In the partially reduced azulene skeleton, the absence of a H atom at the ester substitutent position of the seven‐membered ring, as well as lengthened double bonds, indicate a conjugative stabilized system with two overlaid tautomers.     

Matching Points with Squares

Given a class of geometric objects and a point set P, a -matching of P is a set of elements of such that each C _i contains exactly two elements of P and each element of P lies in at most one C _i . If all of the elements of P belong to some C _i , M is called a perfect matching. If, in addition, all of the elements of M are pairwise disjoint, we say that this matching M is strong. In this paper we study the existence and characteristics of -matchings for point sets in the plane when is the set of isothetic squares in the plane. A consequence of our results is a proof that the Delaunay triangulations for the L _∞ metric and the L ₁ metric always admit a Hamiltonian path.     

Analysis of the Electrohydrodynamic Flow in a Symmetric System of Electrodes by the Method of Dynamic Current–Voltage Characteristics

We have solved the problem of injection-type through electrohydrodynamic (EHD) flow in a closed channel. We have considered a model of a liquid with four types of ions. It is shown that a through EHD flow without internal vortices in the electrode gap is formed for the ratio 2 : 1 of the initial injection current from the electrodes in the channel. The structure of the flow in different parts of the channel and the integral characteristics of the flow have been analyzed. It is shown that for a quadratic function of injection at the electrodes, the current–voltage characteristic of the flow is also quadratic.     

SPE逐步分离技术应用于常用果蔬防腐保鲜剂残留量检测的研究

建立固相萃取逐步分离-紫外分光光度法测定果蔬中残留的噻苯咪唑、邻苯基苯酚、联苯的检测方法。样品经高速涡轮旋转石油醚∶乙酸乙酯(2∶1)提取,30%甲醇溶液上样,C18固相萃取柱富集、净化、分离三种残留防腐剂,分别采用30%乙醇(酸,pH 2.5)溶液、55%甲醇(碱,pH 11.5)溶液、75%乙醇(酸,pH2.5)溶液依次洗脱分离固相柱中被保留的噻苯咪唑、邻苯基苯酚、联苯,对洗脱液进行紫外分光光度法检测。结果表明:三种防腐剂在1～10μg.mL-1的范围内呈良好线性关系,相关系数r>0.999 8。样品加标回收率为72.1%～103.5%,相对标准偏差在1.2%～7.7%,样品最低检测限分别为0.09,0.5和0.1μg.mL-1。该方法简便、灵敏、快速,能够满足同时测定果蔬中防腐剂残留量的要求。     

超强激光与等离子体靶相互作用中高能离子的定向发射

等离子体薄靶作为控制激光加热和产生高能粒子的驱动源在激光核聚变快点火方案中被广泛应用.本文用二维粒子模拟方法研究了超强超短脉冲激光与平板等离子体薄靶相互作用中产生的高能离子.模拟研究结果表明,在平板等离子体薄靶后表面所产生的高能离子的角分布较小,定向性好,能获得很高的能量.并且等离子体薄靶的形状对高能离子的产生和会聚有一定的影响.