Scientifically Formulated Avocado Fruit Juice: Phytochemical Analysis,Assessment of Its Antioxidant Potential and Consumer Perception

The study’s purpose was to find and create a nourishing fruit juice made from avocado to suit nutritional and health demands. In this regard, the avocado juice was formulated using a statistical technique, and its biochemical and phytochemical characteristics were evaluated. Statistically formulated fruit juice was evaluated for its sensory characteristics, proximate composition, nutrients and vitamins, total phenols and flavonoids, and for its antioxidant ability, in addition to a shelf-life test. The optimal amount of all ingredients included in the mathematical model for the preparation of the juice was 150 g of Persea americana (Avocado) fruit pulp, 12.5 g of honey and 100 mL of water. In fact, the composition of avocado juice was found to have higher phenolic (910.36 ± 0.215 mg EAG g⁻¹/mL) and flavonoid (56.32 ± 1.26 mg QE g⁻¹/ mL) amounts. DPPH, ABTS and FRAP antioxidant assays tended to be high compared with a standard. The shelf-life analysis indicated that the processed avocado juice (V7) had a long shelf life. In view of all these merits, a statistically formulated recipe for avocado fruit juice was recommended for the formulation of the most preferred health drink.     

Static charged spheres with anisotropic pressure in general relativity

We report a generalization of our earlier formalism [Pramana, 54, 663 (1998)] to obtain exact solutions of Einstein-Maxwell’s equations for static spheres filled with a charged fluid having anisotropic pressure and of null conductivity. Defining new variables: w=(4π/3)(ρ+ε)r ², u=4πξr ², v _r=4πp _r r ², v _⊥=4πp _⊥ r ²[ρ, ξ(=−(1/2)F ₁₄ F ¹⁴), p _r, p _⊥ being respectively the energy densities of matter and electrostatic fields, radial and transverse fluid pressures whereas ε denotes the eigenvalue of the conformal Weyl tensor and interpreted as the energy density of the free gravitational field], we have recast Einstein’s field equations into a form easy to integrate. Since the system is underdetermined we make the following assumptions to solve the field equations (i) u=v _r=(a ²/2κ)r ⁿ⁺², v _⊥=k ₁ v _r, w=k ₂ v _r; a ², n(>0), k ₁, k ₂ being constants with κ=((k ₁+2)/3+k ₂) and (ii) w+u=(b ²/2)r ⁿ⁺², u=v _r, v _⊥−v _r=k, with b and k as constants. In both cases the field equations are integrated completely. The first solution is regular in the metric as well as physical variables for all values of n>0. Even though the second solution contains terms like k/r ² since Q(0)=0 it is argued that the pressure anisotropy, caused by the electric flux near the centre, can be made to vanish reducing it to the generalized Cooperstock-de la Cruz solution given in [14]. The interior solutions are shown to match with the exterior Reissner-Nordstrom solution over a fixed boundary. Dedicated to Prof. F A E Pirani.     

A short range many-body potential for modelling bcc metals

The problem considered is the fitting of a many-body interaction potential to bulk crystal data. A parameterisation of the potential is assumed which is based on physical considerations. The free parameters are determined by using global optimization to perform a least squares fit, to a large number of crystal properties. This has been achieved for body centered cubic (bcc) materials. The approach adopted here fits the bcc crystal structure, as the preferred minimum energy configuration for tungsten, and also fits the dimer energetics and the elastic properties of crystalline tungsten.     

Solubility of Cinnarizine in (Transcutol + Water) Mixtures: Determination,Hansen Solubility Parameters,Correlation, and Thermodynamics

Between 293.2 and 313.2 K and at 0.1 MPa, the solubility of the weak base, cinnarizine (CNZ) (3), in various {Transcutol-P (TP) (1) + water (2)} combinations is reported. The Hansen solubility parameters (HSP) of CNZ and various {(TP) (1) + water (2)} mixtures free of CNZ were also predicted using HSPiP software. Five distinct cosolvency-based mathematical models were used to link the experimentally determined solubility data of CNZ. The solubility of CNZ in mole fraction was increased with elevated temperature and TP mass fraction in {(TP) (1) + water (2)} combinations. The maximum solubility of CNZ in mole fraction was achieved in neat TP (5.83 × 10⁻² at 313.2 K) followed by the minimum in neat water (3.91 × 10⁻⁸ at 293.2 K). The values of mean percent deviation (MPD) were estimated as 2.27%, 5.15%, 27.76%, 1.24% and 1.52% for the “Apelblat, van’t Hoff, Yalkowsky–Roseman, Jouyban–Acree, and Jouyban–Acree–van’t Hoff models”, respectively, indicating good correlations. The HSP value of CNZ was closed with that of neat TP, suggesting the maximum solubilization of CNZ in TP compared with neat water and other aqueous mixtures of TP and water. The outcomes of the apparent thermodynamic analysis revealed that CNZ dissolution was endothermic and entropy-driven in all of the {(TP) (1) + water (2)} systems investigated. For {(TP) (1) + water (2)} mixtures, the enthalpy-driven mechanism was determined to be the driven mechanism for CNZ solvation. TP has great potential for solubilizing the weak base, CNZ, in water, as demonstrated by these results.     

Behavioral effects of a four-wing attractor with circuit realization: a cryptographic perspective on immersion

In this paper, we propose an innovative chaotic system, combining fractional derivative and sine-hyperbolic nonlinearity with circuit execution. The study of this system is conducted via an analog circuit simulator, using two anti-parallel semiconductor diodes to provide hyperbolic sine nonlinearity, and to function as operational amplifiers. The multi-stability of the system is also enhanced with the help of multi-equilibrium points for distinct real orders of system. The system explores the generation of a four-wing attractor in different phases, both numerically and electronically. By changing the input parameters of the system, different graphs are generated for current flow in state, phase, and space, to confirm the precision of the fractional order derivatives. A reasonable simulation shows that the deliberate circuit provides effective chaos in terms of speed and accuracy, which is comensurate with the numerical simulation. This nonlinear chaotic behavior is utilized to encrypt sound (.wav), images (.jpg), and animated (.gif) data which are a major requirement for the security of communication systems. The proposed circuit performs chaos and cryptographic tasks with high-effective analog computation, and constitutes a novel approach to this area of research.     

Nonlinear interaction phenomenon of dust acoustic solitary and shock waves in dusty plasma

The effects of head-on collision on dust acoustic (DA) solitary and shock waves in dusty plasma are investigated considering positively charged inertial dust, Boltzmann distributed negatively charged heavy ions, positively charged light ions, and superthermal electrons in the plasma system. The nonlinear Korteweg-de-Vries (KdV) Burger equations are derived taking the extended Poincaré-Lighthill-Kuo method into account to study the characteristic properties of nonlinearity and production of solitary shock due to collisions. The study reveals that the amplitudes and widths of the DA shock waves are decreasing with increasing viscosity, electron to dust density ratio, and dust to ion temperature ratio, while they are increasing due to the presence of superthermal electrons. The nonlinearity of DA waves are enhanced with increasing density ratio of electron to dust and temperature ratio of dust to ion and electron, respectively, but it is reducing with superthermal electrons. The phase shifts of DA solitary waves are found to decrease with rising superthermality of electrons and increase with the density ratio of electron to dust.     

Long-Term Potentiodynamic Testing and Tribometric Properties of Amorphous Alloy Coatings under Saline Environment

Protective coatings for harsh environments are always welcome, but they must overcome profound challenges, including corrosion and wear resistance. The purpose of this study is to look into the long-term potentiodynamic polarization measurements and dry tribometric behavior of plasma-sprayed amorphous coatings on AISI 1035 mild steel. To investigate the impact of unique active polarization potentials on the electrochemical studies of the iron-based amorphous layer, which compares favorably to AISI 1035 mild steel, the active potential polarization curve and friction coefficient tests were performed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) analyses were used to investigate the coating’s corrosion behavior. Their mechanical (Tribometric tests at higher sliding speeds) and chemical properties (electrochemical potentiodynamic polarization investigations) have also been thoroughly investigated. There is enough validation that these protective coatings can be used in hostile environments. The effects of long-term corrosion for 24 and 48 h were thoroughly examined. Tribometric examinations revealed that amorphous layers are highly resistant under dry conditions, as they offered a very low and stable friction coefficient less than 4 μ with micro Vickers hardness 1140 ± 22.14 HV, which is more than twice as compared to mild steel AISI 1035. The corrosion resistance of coatings in 3.5 wt % NaCl solution displays active transition characteristics of activation, passivation, over passivation, and pitting, as shown by the potentiodynamic polarization curves.     

Fabrication of highly efficient and cost-effective dye-sensitized solar cells using ZnO/MWCNT nanocomposite as photoanode

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - In the present study, a novel cost-effective and efficient configuration of dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) with zinc oxide–multi-walled carbon...     

The interaction of Ni and Au with HCl during quenching

During annealing of Ni and Au, previously quenched into HCl at 203 K, annealing stages that cannot easily be explained in terns of the migration of open volume defects are observed. The contamination of the hot samples with hydrogen released from the quenching fluid is suggested as the origin of these additional annealing stages.