高精度中红外大气C_2H_6传感系统的研制

C_2H_6作为温室气体之一,对光化学污染的产生和臭氧层的破坏具有促进作用。C_2H_6在大气中的含量极低,对传感器的探测精度具有较高要求。报道了一种使用中红外连续波长带间级联激光器(ICL)检测大气中C_2H_6浓度的传感器,其测量精度可达到10~(-9)量级。采用容积为220mL、光程为54.6m的多通池增加气体吸收光程,降低检测下限,提高灵敏度。采用LabVIEW虚拟仪器平台编程产生激光器扫描、调制信号及其叠加,通过数据采集卡(DAQ)输出到ICL驱动源。通过DAQ读取探测器输出信号,由LabVIEW程序进行信号的锁相放大及二次谐波提取。实验结果表明:当系统采样时间为1.67s时,阿伦标准差为1.86×10~(-9),且阿伦标准差在平均时间为775s时达到最小值,即系统达到最佳稳定度,为0.026×10~(-9)。将该系统放置于燃气站进行检测实验,证明所研制的C_2H_6传感器具有实用价值。     

金纳米粒子/石墨烯量子点复合修饰电极检测NO_(2)^(-)北大核心CSCD

采用微波加热石墨烯量子点还原HAuCl_(4)的方法,制备金纳米粒子/石墨烯量子点(AuNPs/GQDs)复合物,并将其应用于构建具有高灵敏度的NO_(2)^(-)电化学传感器。由于GQDs大的比表面积和AuNPs良好的导电能力,合成的AuNPs/GQDs复合材料显著提高了NO_(2)^(-)的电化学响应。利用循环伏安法研究NO_(2)^(-)在AuNPs/GQDs修饰电极上的电化学性质,发现在电位1.22 V处出现一个明显的氧化特征峰,其氧化峰电流与NO_(2)^(-)浓度成线性关系,线性范围为1.0×10^(-7)~1.0×10^(-5) mol/L,检测限(S/N=3)为5.0×10^(-8) mol/L。将该方法应用于土壤中NO_(2)^(-)的检测,具有较好的准确度。     

核酸适配体传感器在黄曲霉毒素B1检测中应用研究进展北大核心CSCD

核酸适配体作为一种新型识别分子,具有亲和力高、稳定性强、制备成本低、特异性强等优点,但其自身不具有信号转换功能,它与靶标分子特异性结合过程,不可产生被检测的物理化学信号。因此,需将核酸适配体与靶标分子特异性识别结合过程转为易于被检测的物理化学信号变化的过程。根据信号转换方式的不同,可将适配体生物传感器分为荧光适配体传感器、比色适配体传感器、电化学适配体传感器和表面拉曼散射适配体传感器。本文对基于以上4种检测信号的核酸适配体生物传感器在黄曲霉毒素(AFB1)检测方面的应用进行综述,并概述该类传感器应用前景和当前面临的挑战。     

Characteristics of Sn-Doped Ge2Sb2Te5 Films Used for Phase-Change Memory

Sn-doped Ge2Sb2Te5 thin films deposited on Si（100）/SiO2 substrates by rf magnetron sputtering are investigated by a differential scanning calorimeter, x-ray diffraction and sheet resistance measurement. The crystallization temperatures of the 3.58 at.%, 6.92 at.% and 10.04 at.% Sn-doped Ge2Sb2Te5 thin films have decreases of 5.3, 6.1 and 0.9℃, respectively, which is beneficial to reduce the switching current for the amorphous-to-crystalline phase transition. Due to Sn-doping, the sheet resistance of crystalline Ge2Sb2Te5 thin films increases about 2-10 times, which may be useful to reduce the switching current for the amorphous-to-crystalline phase change. In addition, an obvious decreasing dispersibility for the sheet resistance of Sn-doped Ge2Sb2Te5 thin films in the crystalline state has been observed, which can play an important role in minimizing resistance difference for the phase-change memory cell element arrays.     

Single Cell Element of Chalcogenide Randoul Access Memory Fabricated with the Focused Ion Beam Method

A singie cell element of chalcogenide random access memory was fabricated by using the focused ion beam method.The contact size between the Ge2Sb2Te5 Phase change film and the top electrode film is about 600nm (diameter) and the contact area is caiculated to be 0.28μm^2.The thickness of the phase change film is 83nm.The current-voltage characteristics of the cell element are studied using the home-made current-voltage tester in our laboratory.The minimum threshold current of about 0.6mA is obtained.     

A Simple Model for Measuring Refractive Index of a Liquid Based upon Fresnel Equations

Due to many experimental data required and a lot of calculations involved, it is very complex and cumbersome to model prism-based liquid-refractive-index-measuring methods. We develop a new method of mathematical modelling for measuring refractive index of a liquid based upon the Fresnel formula and prism internal reflection at an incident angle less than the critical angle. With this method, only two different concentrations measurements for a kind of solution can lead to the determination of computational model. Measurements are performed to examine the validity of the theoretical model. Experimental results indicate the feasibility of the theoretical model with an error of 1%. The method is also capable of measuring even smaller changes in the optical refractive index of the material on a metal surface by the surface plasma resonance sensing techniques.     

Development of the Technique for Fabricating Submicron Moire Gratings on Metal Materials Using Focused Ion Beam Milling

A focused gallium ion （Ga＋） beam is used to fabricate micro/submicron spacing gratings on the surface of porous NiTi shape memory alloy （SMA ）. The crossing type of gratings with double-frequency （25001/mm and 50001/mm） using the focused ion beam （FIB） milling are successfully produced in a combination mode or superposition mode. Based on the double-frequency gratings, high-quality scanning electron microscopy （SEM） Moird patterns are obtained to study the micro-scale deformation of porous NiTi SMA. The grating fabrication technique is discussed in detail. The experimental results verify the feasibility of fabricating high frequency grating on metal surface using FIB milling.     

关于圆周率的一些常识

对于圆周率π，从小学阶段开始，我们就经常碰到它．对于这样一个十分熟悉的符号，你对它了解多少呢？本文简单谈一谈关于丌的一点常识．     

一个具有时滞和功能反应的非自治阶段结构的捕食模型

研究一个具有时滞和功能反应的非自治阶段结构的捕食模型,其中食饵种群分两个阶段——幼年和成年,且捕食种群只捕成年食饵.通过利用微分不等式、比较定理和构造适当的Lyapunov泛函,得到该模型的永久持续生存和绝灭的充分条件,同时也得到了周期系统存在唯一全局渐近稳定的周期解的充分条件.     

1986年哈雷彗星的分裂

1986年3月25日在新西兰John 山天文台拍摄的9张照片,显示出哈雷彗星的彗核分裂成相隔甚远的两个分立彗核。投影在天空切平面上的分离距离约为5×10³km。主核和小伴核都呈现有它们自身的彗发。伴核有一个高达几千公里的突出喷流,而且伴核必定在数天以内即消失不见。结合陈培生等的光电观测结果,看来分裂与一个爆发事件相关。并对有些照片作了数字成像增强处理。