Spectrally Adjustable Picosecond Dye Laser Pulses Generated with Nanosecond Nitrogen Lasers

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MICROBE-METAL-INTERACTIONS FOR THE BIOTECHNOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF METAL-CONTAINING SOLID WASTE

In nature, microbes are involved in weathering of rocks, in mobilization of metals from minerals, and in metal precipitation and deposition. These microbiological principles and processes can be adapted to treat particulate solid wastes. Especially the microbiological solubilization of metals from solid minerals （termed bioleaching） to obtain metal values is a well-known technique in the mining industry. We focus here on non-mining minerai wastes to demonstrate the applicability of mining-based technologies for the treatment of metal-containing solid wastes. In the case study presented, microbial metal mobilization from particulate fly ash （originating from municipal solid waste incineration） by Acidithiobacilli resulted in cadmium, copper, and zinc mobilization of 〉80%, whereas lead, chromium, and nickel were mobilized by 2, 11 and 32%, respectively. In addition, the potential of HCN-forming bacteria （Chromobacterium violaceum, Pseudornonas fluorescens） was investigated to mobilize metals when grown in the presence of solid materials （e.g.,copper-containing ores, electronic scrap, spent automobile catalytic converters）. C. violaceum was found capable of mobilizina nickel as tetracyanonickelate from fine-grained nickel powder. Gold was microbially solubJlized as dicyanoaurate from electronic waste. Additionally, cyanide-complexed copper was detected during biological treatment of shredded printed circuit-board scraps. Water-soluble copper and platinum cyanide were also detected during the treatment of spent automobile catalytic converters.     

ASYMPTOTIC BEHAVIOR OF SINGULARLY PERTURBED SOLUTION FOR A CLASS OF ROBIN PROBLEM OF NONLINEAR NON-AUTONOMOUS EQUATION

In this paper, using the layer theory, a class of singularly perturbed Robin problem of nonlinear non-autonomous equation is considered. According to the different regions of the boundary value, the asymptotic behaviors of solution for the original problem are obtained simply and conveniently.     

不等式的性质和证明

本单元的主要内容是：不等式的概念和性质、几个重要的不等式以及不等式的证明，它们之间的关系可用网络图表示如下：     

关于格点覆盖的一个注记

对于一个给定椭球,本文给出了它的任一全等椭球都包含一个整点的一个充分必要条件.     

OSCILLATING CRITERIA FOR CERTAIN EVEN ORDER NEUTRAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS WITH DEVIATING ARGUMENTS

By using the integral averaging technique, oscillating criteria for certain even order neutral differential equation with deviating arguments are established. These results extend some known oscillation criteria due to Xu and Xia.     

OPTIMAL IMPULSIVE CONTROL IN COMPETITIVE SYSTEM

In this paper,the impulsive exploitation of two species periodic competitive system is considered.First,we show that this type of system with impulsive har- vesting has a unique positive periodic solution,which is globally asymptotically stable.Further,by choosing the maximum total revenues as the management objective,we investigate the optimal harvesting policies for periodic competi- tive system with impulsive harvesting.Finally,we obtain the optimal time to harvest and optimal population level.     

晶体中隐含的半群结构

序列性和莫比吾思反演已应用到物理中各类逆问题,诸如黑体辐射逆问题、比热逆问题和各类费米体系逆问题.文章要介绍这种方法对提取体材料中原子相互作用势的结合能逆问题的应用,以及对提取界面两侧原子间相互作用势的界面粘结能逆问题的应用.这些方法的关键是要发现对象体系中的半群结构.     

EFFECT OF NOZZLE FAN ANGLE ON SPRAYS IN GAS-SOLID RISER FLOW

A three-dimensional simulation study is performed for investigating the hydrodynamic behaviors of a cross-flow liquid nitrogen spray injected into an air-fluidized catalytic cracking （FCC） riser of rectangular cross-section. Rectangular nozzles with a fixed aspect ratio but different fan angles are used for the spray feeding. While our numerical simulation reveals a generic three-phase flow structure with strong three-phase interactions under rapid vaporization of sprays, this paper tends to focus on the study of the effect of nozzle fan angle on the spray coverage as well as vapor flux distribution by spray vaporization inside the riser flow. The gas-solid （air-FCC） flow is simulated using the multi-fluid method while the evaporating sprays （liquid nitrogen） are calculated using the Lagrangian trajectory method, with a strong two-way coupling between the Eulerian gas-solid flow and the Lagrangian trajectories of spray. Our simulation shows that the spray coverage is basically dominated by the spray fan angle. The spray fan angle has a very minor effect on spray penetration. The spray vaporization flux per unit area of spray coverage is highly non-linearly distributed along the spray penetration. The convection of gas-solid flow in a riser leads to a significant downward deviation of vapor generated by droplet vaporization, causing a strong recirculating wake region in the immediate downstream area of the spray.     

Flow Structures Around Micro-bubbles During Subcooled Nucleate Boiling

The flow structures were investigated around micro bubbles on extremely thin wires during subcooled nucleate boiling.Jet flows emanating from the bubbles were observed visually with the fluid field measurement using high-speed photography and a PIV system.The jet flows induced a strong pumping effect around a bubble.The multi-jet structure was further observed experimentally, indicating the evolution of flow structure around micro bubbles.Numerical simulations explore that the jet flows were induced by a strong Marangoni effect due to high temperature gradients near the wire.The bubble interface with multi-jet structure has abnormal temperature distribution such that the coolest parts were observed at two sides of a bubble extending into the subcooled bulk liquid rather than at the top.Evaporation and condensation on the bubble interface play important roles not only in controlling the intensity of the jet flow,but also in bringing out the multi-jet structure.