镜像对称顶盖驱动方腔内流过渡流临界特性研究

流场过渡流临界特性是指流场因流动状态改变而引起的流场物理特性变化. 如流动从定常演化为非定常周期性时, 流动处于过渡状态的物理性质. 它从根本上决定了流动演化模式和流场特性等物理规律, 对认清流动现象的形成机理有重要意义. 本文在之前腔体内流流场过渡流临界特性研究的基础上, 针对镜像对称顶盖驱动方腔内流开展数值模拟和流场稳定性分析研究, 捕捉各流动分岔点, 如Hopf流动分岔点和Neimark-Sacker流动分岔点等, 并揭示其对流场特性的影响; 分析流场演化模式, 随着雷诺数增大从定常状态依次演化为非定常周期性流动、准周期性流动和湍流; 揭示各种流动现象的形成机理, 如流动滞后、对称性破坏、能量级串等; 分析流场拓扑结构, 阐明流场镜像对称性和流场稳定性的关系. 本文研究成果有助于揭示该流场的物理特性, 进一步完善了内流流场特性的研究. 研究发现, 针对本文镜像对称方腔顶盖驱动内流, 流场稳定性的破坏总是以Hopf流动分岔点的出现而发生并且伴随着流场对称性的破坏; 流场演化模式符合经典的Ruelle-Takens模式; 流动从定常状态演化至非定常周期性流动时存在流动滞后现象.      

柴油机多品位余热回收低损跨临界联合循环

为高效低损回收柴油机多品位余热,本文提出了一种跨临界有机朗肯联合循环,其中高温级循环用于回收温度较高的发动机排气余热和废气再循环(EGR)余热,低温级循环回收发动机冷却水余热、增压空气余热、与高温级循环换热后的排气余热和EGR余热。本文对联合系统高温级工质选择多种高温型工质,并对系统热效率、回收功、效率及整体效率随高温级最大压力的变化规律进行模拟分析。结果表明存在一个最优的高温级最大压力P_(maxh),使得随着P_(maxh)的增大,系统热效率先上升后下降,工质均存在热效率η(th)的最大值。甲苯不论是热效率还是效率均表现出较好的性能,并且使柴油机效率提高了6.86个百分点。     

中-日首次甚长基线干涉测量(VLBI)

1985年9月间,中国-日本两国在上海和鹿岛(Kashima)之间建立了VLBI干涉系统,成功地进行了首次VLBI联测。测定了两观测站之间的基线,基线长度的测量精度达到3cm,基线各分量的测定精度好于10cm,同时,在全球VLBI坐标系中以好于20cm的精度确定了上海站的位置。本文介绍了这次测量的结果,并作了讨论。     

温度弱敏感光纤高温压力传感器

针对高温压力测量需求,提出了一种温度弱敏感的光纤微机械电子(MEMS)压力传感技术.该技术采用非本征光纤法布里-珀罗干涉模型,利用MEMS压力敏感膜片对干涉光信号进行被动调制,进而实现压力信号测量.通过仿真计算热应力和材料自身热膨胀引入的温度寄生响应来分析温度信号对膜片位移的影响.在此基础上结合亚微米级白光干涉响应技术和低热应力封装工艺,研制了高温压力传感器样机.实验测试结果表明,在20—400℃范围内,可满足0—100 kPa压力测量,由温度变化引入测量误差低于4%.     

Au5Si2/Si Heterojunction Nanowires Formed by Combining SiO Evaporation with Vapour--Liquid--Solid Mechanism

Crystalline AusSi2/Si heterojunetion nanowires （AusSi2/SiNWs） are obtained by thermal evaporating SiO pow- ders on thick gold-coated silicon substrates in a low vacuum system. Structure analysis of the produced AusSh/Si heterojunetions is performed by employing a transmission electron microscope （TEM） and a selected area electric diffraetometer. The chemical compositions axe studied by a energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscope attached to the TEM. A two-step growth model is proposed to describe the formation of the AusSi2/SiNWs. During the first step, crystalline SiNWs are formed via a growth mechanism combining the oxide-assisted growth process with the vapour-liquid-solid model at relatively high temperature. In the second step, the temperature decreases and one segment of the preformed SiNWs reacts with the remnant Au to form single crystalline AusSi2 nanowires by a solid-liquid-solid process. The present work should be useful for the future synthesis and research of high-quality gold silicide nanowires and microelectronic devices based on the nanowires.     

Rapid classification of copper concentrate by portable laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy combined with transfer learning and deep convolutional neural network

This paper investigates the combination of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy 〔LIBS〕 and deep convolutional neural networks 〔CNNs〕 to classify copper concentrate samples using pretrained CNN models through transfer learning. Four pretrained CNN models were compared. The LIBS profiles were augmented into 2D matrices. Three transfer learning methods were tried. All the models got a high classification accuracy of >92%, with the highest at 96.2% for VGG16. These results suggested that the know...     

羟基自由基辅助沸石分子筛合成的研究进展

作为化学工业中最重要的固体催化剂之一,沸石分子筛在不同的领域发挥着广泛的应用.随着消耗量的逐年增加,如何绿色高效地制备沸石分子筛材料已经成为了研究热点.羟基自由基是具有高活性的物种,能够促进分子筛初始凝胶中硅铝酸盐的解聚和再聚合,进而加速了分子筛的晶化过程.众多研究表明,除了能够加速沸石的结晶,羟基自由基在其合成过程中还有其他的作用.本综述从不同的产生方式入手,系统地介绍了羟基自由基在沸石合成中的作用,提出了该策略存在的问题,并对其发展前景进行了展望.     

温度及pH敏感性N—乙烯基吡咯烷酮与丙烯酸β—羟基丙酯共聚物／聚（丙烯酸）互穿网络水凝胶的合成及其性能研究

由N－乙烯基吡咯烷酮与丙烯酸β－羟基丙酯共聚物／聚丙酸）所得的互穿网络水凝胶P（NVP－co-β－HPA）／PAA具有温度及pH双重敏感特性,在酸性条件下,由于P（NVP）与PAA间络合作用,随温度升高迅速退胀,在碱性条件下,凝胶的溶胀率远大于酸性条件下的溶胀率,且随温度的升高而逐渐增大。     

Nano-Traceability Study of a Cr Standard Grating Fabricated by Laser-Focused Atomic Deposition

A dimensional artifact is developed, which is a chromium （Cr） deposition grating fabricated by a laser-focused atomic deposition technique. The mean pitch of the grating is measured by using a metrological atomic force microscope with a large range, where a series of reference signs have been performed to locate the deposition area. Cosine error of the measurement result is analyzed and eliminated by the iterative angle calibration. The measurement result shows that the mean pitch of the grating is 212.66 ±0.02nm, which is very close to half of the standing laser wavelength （λ = 425.55 nm）. This means that the grating has traceability with high accuracy and can substitute the laser interference technology for instrument calibration. Moreover, using the Cr deposition grating as a nano standard can shorten the traceability chain and improve the practical application.     

A close look at the competition of isovector and isoscalar pairing in A=18 and 20 even-even N≈Z nuclei

competition of isovector and isoscalar pairing in A=18 and 20 even-even N≈Z nuclei is analyzed in the framework of the mean-field plus the dynamic quadurpole-quadurpole, pairing and particle-hole interactions, whose Hamiltonian is diagonalized in the basis U(24) ?(U(6) ? S U(3) ? S O(3))■(U(4) ? S US(2)■ S UT(2)) in the L = 0 configuration subspace. Besides the pairing interaction, it is observed that the quadurpole-quadurpole and particlehole interactions also play a significant role in determining the relative positions of low-lying excited 0~+ and 1~+ levels and their energy gaps, which can result in the ground state first-order quantum phase transition from J = 0 to J = 1.The strengths of the isovector and isoscalar pairing interactions in these even-even nuclei are estimated with respect to the energy gap and the total contribution to the binding energy. Most importantly, it is shown that although the mechanism of the particle-hole contribution to the binding energy is different, it is indirectly related to the Wigner term in the binding energy.