强脉冲离子束横截面分布的测量

强脉冲离子束在靶上的横截面能量密度分布和束流焦点位置是束流分析和辐照效应研究中重要的技术参数.利用红外成像诊断技术,可以以较高的空间分辨率和能量密度分辨率对束流的横截面分布进行测量,并可以实现对束流焦点的测量和束流传输特性的分析.通过该实验,可以使学生掌握强脉冲加速器诊断的基本技能,加深对加速器原理及脉冲束流分布和传输特性的认识.     

β射线在铝膜中的吸收研究

利用磁谱仪得到不同能量的单能电子束,让这些电子束穿过不同厚度的铝膜,研究不同能量的电子在铝膜中的吸收系数和能损,得出吸收系数与电子能量的经验公式,与已有的吸收系数经验公式进行了比较,测量到的能损和Fluka软件模拟计算的结果进行了对比,观察到它们之间都能够较好地符合。说明该实验测量的数据和得到的质量吸收系数公式是可靠的,对β射线的防护具有重要参考价值,Fluka软件能够用于较高能量电子能损的计算。     

重核大集团发射半衰期的计算

重核大集团（¹⁴C-³⁴Si）发射的半衰期在理论上用Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin近似进行了计算.利用双折叠模型计算大集团和剩余子核间的核相互作用,在折叠积分中选取了密度依赖的、零力程交换项的核子-核子相互作用.计算得到的半衰期和液滴模型结果、系统公式的结果以及实验数据进行了比较,表明目前的计算能够很好地给出重核大集团（¹⁴C-³⁴Si）发射的寿命.这可为重核其他大集团（¹⁵N, ⁴⁶Ar,⁴⁸Ca等）的发射提供可靠的预测. 关键词： 半衰期 双折叠模型 集团发射     

通过测量~(137)Cs的β衰变和内转换电子能谱研究其衰变特性

本研究用Si(Li)漂移探测器测量了~(137)Cs的β衰变能谱和内转电子能谱,对β衰变能谱进行了居里描绘和从内转电子能谱取得了内转换系数.得到β衰变的最大能量为(513.11±1.76)ke V,与参考值误差为0.17%;得到内转换系数K/L=5.712±0.217和M/L=0.264±0.018,与参考值的误差分别为0.92%和1.54%;并确定了~(137)Cs在β和γ衰变中的跃迁级次,给出了~(137)Cs及其衰变子核137Ba各能级的自旋和宇称,绘制出了~(137)Cs的衰变纲图.说明该实验方法是可靠的,可用于实验方面的教学和原子核结构的研究,并为其提供必要的实验数据.     

Nucleon--nucleon interactions in the double folding model for fusion reactions

Nucleus--nucleus potentials are determined in the framework of double folding model for M3Y--Reid and M3Y--Paris effective nucleon--nucleon (NN) interactions. Both zero-range and finite-range exchange parts of NN interactions are considered in the folding procedure. In this paper the spherical projectile--spherical target system ¹⁶O+²⁰⁸Pb is selected for calculating the barrier energies, fusion cross sections and barrier distributions with the density-independent and density-dependent NN interactions on the basis of M3Y--Reid and M3Y--Paris NN interactions. The barrier energies become lower for Paris NN interactions in comparison with Reid NN interactions, and also for finite-range exchange part in comparison with zero-range exchange part. The density-dependent NN interactions give similar fusion cross sections and barrier distributions, and the density-independent NN interaction causes the barrier distribution moving to a higher position. However, the density-independent Reid NN interaction with zero-range exchange part gives the lowest fusion cross sections. We find that the calculated fusion cross sections and the barrier distributions are in agreement with the experimental data after renormalization of the nuclear potential due to coupled-channel effect.     

Double folding model calculation applied to fusion reactions

The interaction potential between a spherical and a deformed nucleus is calculated within the double-folding model for deformed nuclei. We solve the double folding potential numerically by using the truncated multipole expansion method. The shape, separation and orientation dependence of the interaction potential, fusion cross section and barrier distribution of the system ¹⁶O+¹⁵⁴Sm are investigated by considering the quadrupole and hexadecapole deformations of ¹⁵⁴Sm. It is shown that the height and the position of the barrier depend strongly on the deformation and the orientation angles of the deformed nucleus. These are quite important quantities for heavy-ion fusion reactions, and hence produce great effects on the fusion cross section and barrier distribution.     

Optical Potential Parameters of Weakly Bound Nuclear System 17F+13C

Elastic scattering angular distributions of the 14^N＋16^O system and the angular distributions of transfer reaction 16^O（14^N,13^C）17^F at ELab=76.2 MeV and 57 MeV have been measured and calculated by means of the exact finiterange distorted-wave Born approximation with the PTOLEMY code. The optical potential parameters for the weakly bound nuclear system 17^F＋13^C have been deduced and applied to analyse the elastic scattering angular distributions of the similar systems 17^F＋12^C and 17^F＋14^N which are taken from literature. The result shows that the transfer reaction with stable projectile and target combination can be used as an alternative method to extract the optical potential parameters for the weakly bound nuclear system.     

利用双折叠模型对弹核为α的熔合垒高度和位置的系统学分析

本文系统分析了α粒子与不同的靶核熔合时, 势垒高度和位置与相互作用核的电荷数和均方根半径的关系. 通过基于密度依赖的核子-核子相互作用(CDM3Y6)的双折叠模型来计算核势. 得到了当弹核为α时垒高度和位置的参数化公式. 通过分析质量数从16到238的原子核表明, 参数化公式可以精确地再现弹核为α的熔合反应的垒高度和位置, 其精确度在±1%以内. 此外, 其结果还能很好地和实验值, 经验值, Royer, KNS, AW和亲近势的结果相符合.     

利用磁谱仪研究原子核的β衰变

在原子核β衰变费米理论的基础上,利用近代物理实验中的磁谱仪测量了90Sr-90Y β放射源的动量分布,进而研究它的库里厄(Kurie)图.结合β衰变容许跃迁和禁戒跃迁的库里厄图特征,对实验数据进行了形状因子S1的改正,得到的数据能和90Sr-90Yβ放射源的跃迁性质、原子核能级自旋和宇称相吻合,有助于学生对原子核β衰变更深入的认识和进一步扩展近物实验的研究内容.     

晕核6He（25 MeV/u）的单、双中子转移截面测量

实验测量了25 MeV/u 的6He+9Be反应中的单、双中子转移微分截面. 利用反应耦合道模型初步分析了实验数据, 计算大体重现截面值. 转移反应对末态有相当的选择性, 并且双中子转移截面主要来自到基态的一步过程. 后角度截面的上升可能与连续态的耦合有关. Differential cross sections for quasi elastic scattering at forward angles and for 1n and 2n transfer reaction at backward angles induced by 6He at 25 MeV/u from 9Be target were measured. The experimental data were analyzed in the framework of the CRC model. The raise at backward angle of the 1n and 2n transfer cross section can not reproduced by the current calculation.