全文获取类型
收费全文 | 110588篇 |
免费 | 7877篇 |
国内免费 | 6450篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 65763篇 |
晶体学 | 1366篇 |
力学 | 6225篇 |
综合类 | 479篇 |
数学 | 13371篇 |
物理学 | 37711篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 976篇 |
2022年 | 1498篇 |
2021年 | 2323篇 |
2020年 | 2875篇 |
2019年 | 3108篇 |
2018年 | 3305篇 |
2017年 | 3193篇 |
2016年 | 4131篇 |
2015年 | 3022篇 |
2014年 | 4187篇 |
2013年 | 5801篇 |
2012年 | 6211篇 |
2011年 | 6535篇 |
2010年 | 5096篇 |
2009年 | 5042篇 |
2008年 | 5334篇 |
2007年 | 4963篇 |
2006年 | 4486篇 |
2005年 | 4006篇 |
2004年 | 3562篇 |
2003年 | 3230篇 |
2002年 | 3447篇 |
2001年 | 3114篇 |
2000年 | 2347篇 |
1999年 | 1911篇 |
1998年 | 1718篇 |
1997年 | 1492篇 |
1996年 | 1409篇 |
1995年 | 1188篇 |
1994年 | 1222篇 |
1993年 | 1154篇 |
1992年 | 1125篇 |
1991年 | 1192篇 |
1990年 | 1171篇 |
1989年 | 1061篇 |
1988年 | 939篇 |
1987年 | 929篇 |
1986年 | 895篇 |
1985年 | 931篇 |
1984年 | 922篇 |
1983年 | 822篇 |
1982年 | 797篇 |
1979年 | 799篇 |
1978年 | 809篇 |
1977年 | 805篇 |
1976年 | 917篇 |
1975年 | 811篇 |
1974年 | 839篇 |
1973年 | 843篇 |
1972年 | 751篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
101.
Physics of Atomic Nuclei - The article presents the concept of a channel-type reactor with a combined cooled moderator. The moderator consists of ceramic beryllium oxide and a liquid... 相似文献
102.
Facile fabrication of fast recyclable and multiple self‐healing epoxy materials through diels‐alder adduct cross‐linker 下载免费PDF全文
Xiao Kuang Guoming Liu Xia Dong Xianggui Liu Jianjun Xu Dujin Wang 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2015,53(18):2094-2103
A reversibly cross‐linked epoxy resin with efficient reprocessing and intrinsic self‐healing was prepared from a diamine Diels‐Alder (DA) adduct cross‐linker and a commercial epoxy oligomer. The newly synthesized diamine cross‐linker, comprising a DA adduct of furan and maleimide moieties, can cure epoxy monomer/oligomer with thermal reversibility. The reversible transition between cross‐linked state and linear architecture endows the cured epoxy with rapid recyclability and repeated healability. The reversibly cross‐linked epoxy fundamentally behaves as typical thermosets at ambient conditions yet can be fast reprocessed at elevated temperature like thermoplastics. As a potential reversible adhesive, the epoxy polymer with adhesive strength values about 3 MPa showed full recovery after repeated fracture‐thermal healing processes. The methodology explored in this contribution provides new insights in modification of conventional engineering plastics as functional materials. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015 , 53, 2094–2103 相似文献
103.
A new asymmetric Salamo‐based ligand H2L was synthesized using 3‐tert‐butyl‐salicylaldehyde and 6‐methoxy‐2‐[O‐(1‐ethyloxyamide)]‐oxime‐1‐phenol. By adjusting the ratio of the ligand H2L and Cu (II), Co (II), and Ni (II) ions, mononuclear, dinuclear, and trinuclear transition metal (II) complexes, [Cu(L)], [{Co(L)}2], and [{Ni(L)(CH3COO)(CH3CH2OH)}2Ni] with the ligand H2L possessing completely different coordination modes were obtained, respectively. The optical spectra of ligand H2L and its Cu (II), Co (II) and Ni (II) complexes were investigated. The Cu (II) complex is a mononuclear structure, and the Cu (II) atom is tetracoordinated to form a planar quadrilateral structure. The Co (II) complex is dinuclear, and the two Co (II) atoms are pentacoordinated and have coordination geometries of distorted triangular bipyramid. The Ni (II) complex is a trinuclear structure, and the terminal and central Ni (II) atoms are all hexacoordinated, forming distorted octahedral geometries. Furthermore, optical properties including UV–Vis, IR, and fluorescence of the Cu (II), Co (II), and Ni (II) complexes were investigated. Finally, the antibacterial activities of the Cu (II), Co (II), and Ni (II) complexes were explored. According to the experimental results, the inhibitory effect was found to be enhanced with increasing concentrations of the Cu (II), Co (II), and Ni (II) complexes. 相似文献
104.
Chunhong Wang Qi Cui Zhixin Zhang Prof. Zhu-Jun Yao Dr. Shaozhong Wang Prof. Zhi-Xiang Yu 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2019,25(42):9821-9826
1,3-Azaprotio transfer of propargylic α-ketocarboxylate oximes, a new type of alkynyl oximes featuring an ester tether, has been explored by taking advantage of gold catalysis. The incorporation of an oxygen atom to the chain of alkynyl oximes led to the formation of two different oxa-cyclic nitrones. It was found that internal alkynyl oximes with an E-configuration deliver five-membered nitrones, whereas terminal alkynyl oximes with an E-configuration afford six-membered nitrones. DFT calculations on four possible pathways supported a stepwise formation of C−N and C−H bonds, in which a 1,3-acyloxy-migration competes with the 1,3-azaprotio-transfer, especially in the case of internal alkynyl oximes. The relative nucleophilic properties of oxygen in the carbonyl group and the nitrogen in the oxime, the electronic effects of alkynes, and the influence of the ring system have been investigated computationally. 相似文献
105.
Anfimov N. V. Vorobel V. Kovalev Yu. S. Kodyš P. 《Physics of Particles and Nuclei Letters》2019,16(6):820-825
Physics of Particles and Nuclei Letters - The Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM) is a novel semiconducting photodetector which can detect single photons. It consists of many microcells (pixels)... 相似文献
106.
Nonlinear Dynamics - Global dynamics of a flexible asymmetrical rotor resting on vibrating supports is investigated. Hamilton’s principle is used to derive the partial differential governing... 相似文献
107.
Dr. Zhoulong Fan Katherine L. Bay Dr. Xiangyang Chen Zhe Zhuang Han Seul Park Dr. Kap-Sun Yeung Prof. Dr. K. N. Houk Prof. Dr. Jin-Quan Yu 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2020,132(12):4800-4807
A simple and efficient nitrile-directed meta-C−H olefination, acetoxylation, and iodination of biaryl compounds is reported. Compared to the previous approach of installing a complex U-shaped template to achieve a molecular U-turn and assemble the large-sized cyclophane transition state for the remote C−H activation, a synthetically useful phenyl nitrile functional group could also direct remote meta-C−H activation. This reaction provides a useful method for the modification of biaryl compounds because the nitrile group can be readily converted to amines, acids, amides, or other heterocycles. Notably, the remote meta-selectivity of biphenylnitriles could not be expected from previous results with a macrocyclophane nitrile template. DFT computational studies show that a ligand-containing Pd–Ag heterodimeric transition state (TS) favors the desired remote meta-selectivity. Control experiments demonstrate the directing effect of the nitrile group and exclude the possibility of non-directed meta-C−H activation. Substituted 2-pyridone ligands were found to be key in assisting the cleavage of the meta-C−H bond in the concerted metalation–deprotonation (CMD) process. 相似文献
108.
Romanenko G. V. Letyagin G. A. Maryunina K. Yu. Bogomyakov A. S. Nishihara S. Inoue K. Ovcharenko V. I. 《Russian Chemical Bulletin》2020,69(8):1530-1536
Russian Chemical Bulletin - The study is concerned with structural rearrangements in the crystals of heterospin complexes Cu(hfac)2 with nitroxide radicals LR (hfac is hexafluoroacetylacetonate, LR... 相似文献
109.
Jinke Bai Linfeng Wang Wenyong Chen Xiao Jin Qinghua Li Yuxiao Wang Xueru Zhang Yinglin Song 《Particle & Particle Systems Characterization》2020,37(8):2000115
Device grade quantum dots (QDs) require QDs ensembles to retain their original superior optical properties as in solution. QDs with thick shells are proven effective in suppressing the inter-dot interaction and preserving the emission properties for QDs solids. However, lattice strain–induced defects may form as the shell grows thicker, resulting in a notable photoluminescence quenching. Herein, a well-type CdxZn1−xS/CdSe/CdyZn1−yS QDs is proposed, where ternary alloys CdZnS are adopted to match the lattice parameter of intermediate CdSe by separately adjusting the x and y parameters. The resultant thick-shell Cd0.5Zn0.5S/CdSe/Cd0.73Zn0.27S QDs reveal nonblinking properties with a high PL QY of 99% in solution and 87% in film. The optimized quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) exhibit a luminance of 31547.5 cd m−2 at the external quantum efficiency maximum of 21.2% under a bias of 4.0 V. The shell thickness shows great impact on the degradation of the devices. The T50 lifetime of the QLEDs with 11.2 nm QDs reaches 251 493 h, which is much higher than that of 6.5 and 8.4 nm QDs counterparts. The performances of the well-type thick-shell QLEDs are comparable to state-of-the-art devices, suggesting that this type of QDs is a promising candidate for efficient optoelectronic devices. 相似文献
110.