全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1504篇 |
免费 | 14篇 |
国内免费 | 6篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 1388篇 |
力学 | 2篇 |
数学 | 67篇 |
物理学 | 67篇 |
出版年
2020年 | 6篇 |
2018年 | 8篇 |
2016年 | 13篇 |
2015年 | 15篇 |
2014年 | 15篇 |
2013年 | 27篇 |
2012年 | 27篇 |
2011年 | 34篇 |
2010年 | 16篇 |
2009年 | 22篇 |
2008年 | 19篇 |
2007年 | 29篇 |
2006年 | 22篇 |
2005年 | 24篇 |
2004年 | 17篇 |
2003年 | 16篇 |
2002年 | 16篇 |
2001年 | 18篇 |
2000年 | 15篇 |
1999年 | 13篇 |
1998年 | 7篇 |
1997年 | 7篇 |
1996年 | 14篇 |
1995年 | 7篇 |
1994年 | 8篇 |
1992年 | 15篇 |
1991年 | 8篇 |
1990年 | 19篇 |
1989年 | 5篇 |
1988年 | 10篇 |
1986年 | 6篇 |
1985年 | 13篇 |
1983年 | 5篇 |
1982年 | 6篇 |
1981年 | 6篇 |
1980年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 9篇 |
1978年 | 10篇 |
1977年 | 11篇 |
1975年 | 5篇 |
1974年 | 8篇 |
1973年 | 6篇 |
1966年 | 76篇 |
1965年 | 129篇 |
1964年 | 143篇 |
1963年 | 123篇 |
1962年 | 125篇 |
1961年 | 146篇 |
1960年 | 124篇 |
1959年 | 62篇 |
排序方式: 共有1524条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
Ursula Ehrmann Lante Carbognani Claudio Ceccarelli 《Journal of separation science》1992,15(7):467-471
Two methods have been developed for the determination of trace levels of acetonitrile and propionitrile in light naphthas. One involves clean-up and preconcentration by medium pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC) in which nitriles are concentrated ten-fold while the complex hydrocarbon matris is removed. The concentrated solution is then analyzed by high resolution GC with flame ionization detection. The second method involves direct injection of samples into a capillary GC equipped with chemiluminescence nitrogen detection. The results and repeatability obtained from both methods are comparable. Preconcentration enables identification by GC-MS and simultaneous analysis of other polar species, with no need for selective detectors. Direct analysis is, on the other hand, much less time-consuming and requires less sample. 相似文献
42.
Jakob Boelsterli Ursula Eggnauer Esteban Pombo-Villar Hans-Peter Weber Malcolm Walkinshaw Robert O. Gould 《Helvetica chimica acta》1992,75(2):507-512
The l-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-exo-ol ( 2 ) was resolved by fractional crystallisation of its hydrogen tartrate salts. The enantiomers (+)- and (?)- 2 were oxidised to the ketones (?)- 4 and (+)- 4 , respectively (Scheme). CD spectroscopy suggested that (?)- 4 possesses the (1R,4S)-configuration. This absolute configuration was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction of the derivative (+)-(1R,4R)-3-(1,3-dithian-2-ylidene)-1-azabicyclo [2.2.1]-heptane ((+)- 5 ). 相似文献
43.
An approach to model the deterioration of steel structures is presented by transferring the results of a continuum damage mechanics analysis to an extended beam model which can account for the loss of structural integrity. Damage starts at the microscopic level by the initiation, growth and coalescence of voids with decreasing material resistance followed by the formation of microcracks at the mesoscale. Nevertheless, the material behavior can be sufficiently modelled on a phenomenological basis taking into account viscoplasticity, hardening effects and damage evolution. The associated model parameters are identified with the help of an evolutionary algorithm adapting numerical to experimental results. Using the finite element method a nonlocal formulation of the damage variable is required to obtain mesh-independent results by structural analysis. The maximum element size is limited by the small magnitude of the internal length. Therefore, numerical analyses of large scale 3D steel structures are computationally expensive. To reduce the effort a beam element is proposed to account for the plastic hinges and the loss of resistance in the course of damage evolution. The corresponding relationship of bending moment and curvature bases on the continuum damage mechanics model. (© 2016 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献
44.
45.
Walter Alt Ursula Felgenhauer Martin Seydenschwanz 《Computational Optimization and Applications》2018,69(3):825-856
We investigate Euler discretization for a class of optimal control problems with a nonlinear cost functional of Mayer type, a nonlinear system equation with control appearing linearly and constraints defined by lower and upper bounds for the controls. Under the assumption that the cost functional satisfies a growth condition we prove for the discrete solutions Hölder type error estimates w.r.t. the mesh size of the discretization. If a stronger second-order optimality condition is satisfied the order of convergence can be improved. Numerical experiments confirm the theoretical findings. 相似文献
46.
Davide Barbieri Carlos Cabrelli Eugenio Hernández Peter Luthy Ursula Molter Carolina Mosquera 《Comptes Rendus Mathematique》2018,356(1):107-113
In this note, we investigate the existence of frames of exponentials for in the setting of LCA groups. Our main result shows that sub-multitiling properties of with respect to a uniform lattice Γ of guarantee the existence of a frame of exponentials with frequencies in a finite number of translates of the annihilator of Γ. We also prove the converse of this result and provide conditions for the existence of these frames. These conditions extend recent results on Riesz bases of exponentials and multitilings to frames. 相似文献
47.
Given a function ψ in
the affine (wavelet) system generated by ψ, associated to an invertible matrix a and a lattice Γ, is the collection of functions
In this paper we prove that the set of functions generating affine systems that are a Riesz basis of
${\cal L}^2({\Bbb R}^d)$ is dense in We also prove that a stronger result is true for affine systems that are a frame of
In this case we show that the generators associated to a fixed but arbitrary dilation are a dense set. Furthermore, we analyze
the orthogonal case in which we prove that the set of generators of orthogonal (not necessarily complete) affine systems,
that are compactly supported in frequency, are dense in the unit sphere of
with the induced metric. As a byproduct we introduce the p-Grammian of a function and prove a convergence result of this
Grammian as a function of the lattice. This result gives insight in the problem of oversampling of affine systems. 相似文献
48.
Pablo López-Tarifa Marie-Anne Hervé du Penhoat Rodophe Vuilleumier Marie-Pierre Gaigeot Ursula Rothlisberger Ivano Tavernelli Arnaud Le Padellec Jean-Philippe Champeaux Manuel Alcamí Patrick Moretto-Capelle Fernando Martín Marie-Françoise Politis 《Central European Journal of Physics》2014,12(2):97-102
We use time-dependent density functional theory and Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics methods to investigate the fragmentation of doubly ionized uracil in gas phase. Different initial electronic excited states of the dication are obtained by removing electrons from different inner-shell orbitals of the neutral species. We show that shape-equivalent orbitals lead to very different fragmentation patterns revealing the importance of the intramolecular chemical environment. The results are in good agreement with ionion coincidence measurements of uracil collision with 100 keV protons. 相似文献
49.
S?ren Diegelmann Vanessa Nieratschker Ursula Werner Jürgen Hoppe Troy Zars Erich Buchner 《BMC neuroscience》2006,7(1):76
Background
Synapsins are abundant synaptic vesicle associated phosphoproteins that are involved in the fine regulation of neurotransmitter release. The Drosophila member of this protein family contains three conserved domains (A, C, and E) and is expressed in most or all synaptic terminals. Similar to mouse mutants, synapsin knock-out flies show no obvious structural defects but are disturbed in complex behaviour, notably learning and memory. 相似文献50.
A novel totally screen-printed flow-through cell for immunoanalysis is presented. It contained screen-printed carbonaceous electrodes, which allowed the determination of peroxidase activity through the electrochemical reduction of p-benzoquinone. As different electrode materials differ strongly in their electrochemical properties, electrodes resulting from various screen-printable carbonaceous pastes were characterized using the hydroquinone/ p-benzoquinone redox couple. For most of the electrodes, cyclic voltammogram peak separations of between 550 and 670 mV were observed indicating only quasi-reversible electrochemical behavior. This was confirmed by variation of the peak separation with scan rate. Heterogeneous electron transfer rates of ca. 0.5 - 1 x 10(-3) cm s(-1) and electrochemical activation energies of ca. 20 kJ mol(-1) were found. These flow-through cells were not only applied to electrochemical peroxidase activity determinations but also, in combination with a separate detector, as affinity reactors. After biotinylation of screen-printed layers, streptavidin and then biotinylated peroxidase could be bound. However, as signals were only 10-20% of those obtained with a column filled with biotinylated glass beads, only the screen-printed electrochemical detector was applied to the detection of antibodies against the African Swine Fever Virus. 相似文献