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971.
Wavelength stabilized 980 nm uncooled pump laser modules for erbium-doped fiber amplifiers 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Tomas Pliska Sebastian Arlt Rainer Bttig Tim Kellner Isabella Jung Nicolai Matuschek Pascal Mauron Bernd Mayer Stefan Mohrdiek Jürgen Müller Susanne Pawlik Hans-Ulrich Pfeiffer Berthold Schmidt Boris Sverdlov Stefan Teodoropol Jrg Troger Bernd Valk Christoph Harder 《Optics and Lasers in Engineering》2005,43(3-5):271
We review the development of wavelength stabilized 980 nm pump laser modules without active temperature stabilization for applications in erbium-doped fiber amplifiers. Operation over a wide temperature range with an output power exceeding 400 mW at an ambient temperature of 70°C is demonstrated. The overall reliability of uncooled modules is estimated to be well below 500 FIT at all operating conditions. Such devices are made possible by continuous development and steady improvement of the pump laser chip, the optimization of the fiber Bragg grating stabilization scheme, careful design of the module package, and extended reliability analysis on the basis of stress tests as well as field data. 相似文献
972.
We describe a simple phase-stepping speckle interferometer with large path difference, in which phase modulation is achieved by thermal frequency drift of the He-Ne light source. This system is easy to set up, requires no specialised components, is immune from the effects of piezo actuator hysteresis, and is capable of producing phase maps in which the noise is less than 1/20λ.Presented at 1996 International Workshop on Interferometry (IWI ‘96), August 27-29, Saitama, Japan. 相似文献
973.
974.
M.C. Leung 《Solid State Communications》1974,15(5):879-882
We investigate the properties of a quasi-unidimensional system which exhibits Peierls instability at Tc(μ), where μ is the Fermi energy as measured from the middle of the conduction band. Tc(μ) decreases as 6μ6 increases. The phonon-drag diagrams contribute to fluctuation conductivity, which is proportional to , if |μ| > 1.056 Tc(0). The Kohn Anomalies do not occur at 2kF unless μ = 0 or |μ| ? T. 相似文献
975.
The algorithm RAMESES has been made more efficient by incorporation of additional procedures: to extrapolate to the next point by an exact polynomial of any desired order, to control the gain on the adjustment of each independent species, and to optimize the initial guess. The need to consider electroneutrality is emphasized, and some problems with convergence criteria and synthetic test systems are discussed. Some conditions for objective algorithm testing are proposed. 相似文献
976.
Hiu-Kwong Leung Barry A. Phillips Norman H. Cromwell 《Journal of heterocyclic chemistry》1976,13(2):247-252
The mechanism of the reactions of 1-t-butyl-2-carbomethoxyazelidine and 1-benzyl-2-carbomethoxyazetidine with hydrazine hydrate was investigated. Treatment of 1-alkyl-2-earbomethoxyazetidine with hydrazine hydrate in cold ethanol yielded 1-alkylazetidine-2-carhohydrazide. Depending on the sterie bulkiness of the alkyl group of the amino functionality, reactions of 1-alkylazetidine-2-carbohydrazides in methanol gave the appropriate aminoester or the appropriate pyrrolidone, or a mixture of both. The intermediacy of the diimide in these transformations was confirmed by the concurrent reduction of azobenzene to hydrazobenzene. 相似文献
977.
Modular functions on a lattice (m(x)+m(y)=m(x∪y)+m(x∩y)) live on modular lattices in that they are induced by modular functions on a quotient modular lattice. Those which identify
pairs of the distributive inequality live on distributive lattices in the same sense. The structure of all modular functions
on a lattice of finite height is determined. The “distance function” derived by Kranz from a modular function is shown to
satisfy the triangle inequality.
Presented by E. Nelson. 相似文献
978.
This paper describes the results of correlation measurements in the initial region of a basic annular jet, which is under the effect of the jet vortices and of the wake induced vortices. Evidence has been found that the wake induced vortices are excited by the disturbances associated with the wake vortices. For these wake induced vortices the azimuthal constituent (m = 1) is dominant. The similarity observed between the behaviour of the jet vortices and that of the wake induced vortices suggests that the jet vortices are also excited by these disturbances of the wake vortices, having the same Strouhal number. Thus the jet vortices are also dominated by the azimuthal constituent (m = 1). However, evidence has been found that within the first two outer diameters an axisymmetrical constituent (m = 0) is also present within the jet vortices. Comparison of the wake induced vortices with the jet vortices shows that these two helical waves are out of phase and are axially separated. 相似文献
979.
M. L. Gross C. L. Wilkins R. C. Williams G. Leung 《Journal of mass spectrometry : JMS》1974,9(12):1217-1222
A simple computerized electron distribution difference method has been developed using a conventional mass spectrometer and an on-line computer. Using the system, ionization potentials for various propyl halides were measured and found to agree well with photoionization data. The appearance potentials for [C3H7]+ agreed well with literature values, except for 1-propyl bromide and 1- propyliodide which gave values approximately 0.7 eV lower than previous reports. The results are interpreted to indicate threshold formation of the sec-propyl ion from all propul halides. 相似文献
980.