Role of Prehistories in the Initial Value Problems of Fractional Viscoelastic Equations

The fractional viscoelastic equation (FVE), which is a second-order differential equation with fractional derivatives describing the dynamical behavior of a single-degree-of-freedom viscoelastic oscillator, is considered. Some viscoelastic damped mechanical systems may be described by FVEs. However, FVEs with conventional nonzero initial values cannot generally be solved. In this paper, the prehistories of the unknown functions before the initial times, referred to as the initial functions, are taken into account to solve FVEs. Mathematically, appropriate initial functions are essential for unique solutions of FVEs. Physically, the initial functions reflect the processes of giving the initial values. FVEs are solved for some initial functions both by analytical and numerical methods. The initial functions affect the solutions of FVEs. It is discussed how the solutions depend on the initial functions. Implication of the solutions to viscoelastic materials will be discussed.     

Upper bound on the decay tau-->microgamma from the Belle detector

We have performed a search for the lepton-flavor-violating decay tau-->microgamma using a data sample of 86.3 fb(-1) accumulated by the Belle detector at KEK. No evidence for a signal is seen, and we set an upper limit for the branching fraction of B(tau-->microgamma)<3.1 x 10(-7) at the 90% confidence level.     

Observation of B(+)-->pppi+, B0-->ppK0, and B(+)-->ppK(*+)

We report the first observation of a b-->u type charmless baryonic B decay, B+-->pppi(+), as well as b-->s type B0-->ppK0 and B+-->ppK(*+) decays. The analysis is based on a 78 fb(-1) data sample recorded on the Upsilon(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at KEKB. We find B(B+-->pppi(+))=(3.06(+0.73)(-0.62)+/-0.37)x10(-6), B(B0-->ppK0)=(1.88(+0.77)(-0.60)+/-0.23)x10(-6), and B(B+-->ppK(*+))=(10.3(+3.6+1.3)(-2.8-1.7))x10(-6). We also update B(B+-->ppK+)=(5.66(+0.67)(-0.57)+/-0.62)x10(-6) and present an upper limit on B(B0-->ppK(*0)) at the 90% confidence level. A common feature of the observed decay modes is threshold peaking in baryon pair invariant mass.     

Phylogenetic relationship of psychoactive fungi based on the rRNA gene for a large subunit and their identification using the TaqMan assay

"Magic mushrooms" (MMs) are psychoactive fungi containing the and Psychotropics Control Law in Japan. Because there are many kinds of MMs and they are often sold even as dry powders in local markets, it is very difficult to identify the original species of the MMs by morphological observation. Therefore, we investigated the rRNA gene for a large subunit (LSU) of several MMs to classify them by a genetic approach. In this paper, we described the phylogeny of species of MMs based on the partial sequence (about 970 bp) of the LSU and the rapid identification of MMs using the TaqMan PCR assay.     

Measurement of branching fractions and polarization in B-->phiK(*) decays

We present the first measurement of decay amplitudes in B-->phiK* and measurements of branching fractions in B-->phiK(*) decays based on 78.1 fb(-1) of data recorded at the Upsilon(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB e+e- storage ring. The decay amplitudes for the different phiK*0 helicity states are measured from the angular distributions of final state particles in the transversity basis. The longitudinal and transverse complex amplitudes are |A0|2=0.43+/-0.09+/-0.04, |A(perpendicular)|2=0.41+/-0.10+/-0.04, arg((A(parallel))=-2.57+/-0.39+/-0.09, and arg((A(perpendicular))=0.48+/-0.32+/-0.06. The direct CP-violating asymmetries are found to be consistent with zero.     

Measurement of the electroweak penguin process B-->X(s)l+l-

We report the first measurement of the branching fraction for the inclusive decay B-->X(s)l(+)l(-), where l is either an electron or a muon, and X(s) is a hadronic recoil system that contains an s quark. We analyzed a data sample of 65.4 x 10(6) B meson pairs collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB e(+)e(-) asymmetric-energy collider. We find B(B-->X(s)l(+)l(-))=[6.1 +/-1.4(stat) +1.4-1.1(syst)] x 10(-6) for dilepton masses greater than 0.2 GeV/c(2).     

High momentum component in the deuteron

The high momentum component in the deuteron, which stems from the short range part of the nucleon-nucleon interaction, is studied in they-scaling function and the structure functionF ₂ of the deuteron. We use not only some non-relativistic wave functions but also relativistic ones. It is shown that the relativistic mechanism or a six-quark state in the nucleon-nucleon interaction yields a large high momentum component.