Developing of Fluorescence Probes Based on Stilbazolium Salts for Monitoring Free Radical Polymerization Processes. II

The series of 1-methyl-4-(4-aminostyryl)pyridinium perchlorates was investigated as fluorescent probes for the monitoring of the free radical polymerization progress. The study on the changes in fluorescence intensity and spectroscopic shifts of studied compounds were carried out during thermally initiated polymerization of methyl methacrylate. The purpose of these studies was to find a relationship between the structure of fluorophore and the changes in their fluorescence shape and intensity observed during the monomer conversion into polymer. The probes under the study during the course of polymerization increase their fluorescence intensity at least one order of magnitude. Such increase qualified the tested probes as good fluorescence probes.     

Electron scattering cross section on the surface of thin ag and au films induced by atomic deuterium adsorption

The electron scattering cross section on the surface of thin silver and gold films induced by adsorption of atomic deuterium under conditions when a single adsorption state is formed was determined. Adsorption of atomic deuterium carried out at 78 K on sintered thin silver (gold) films deposited on Pyrex glass under ultrahigh vacuum conditions was studied measuring the resistance changes DeltaR "in situ". The adsorption runs performed at various exposures were followed by thermal desorption. This allowed establishment of a correlation between DeltaR and the uptake of the adsorbate. BET measurements were performed to determine the real area of the thin films and calculate the density of the adsorbate on their surface. It was found that in agreement with Wissmann's equation1 a linear dependence of DeltaR on the density of the adsorbate nads exists within a large interval of the population (nads < or = 1 x 10(15) D adatoms/cm2 on silver and 7 x 10(14) D adatoms/cm2 on gold) available under our experimental conditions. On the basis of this equation the electron scattering cross section Aads induced by adsorption of atomic deuterium on sintered thin silver and gold films was calculated as reaching 4.75 x 10(-16) and 4.46 x 10(-16) cm2, respectively. A small isotope effect in the electron scattering cross section for adsorption of hydrogen on silver was observed: Aads = 5.48 x 10(-16) cm2.     

Irreversibility for all bound entangled states

We derive a new inequality for entanglement for a mixed four-partite state. Employing this inequality, we present a one-shot lower bound for entanglement cost and prove that entanglement cost is strictly larger than zero for any entangled state. We demonstrate that irreversibility occurs in the process of formation for all nondistillable entangled states. In this way we solve a long standing problem of how "real" is entanglement of bound entangled states. Using the new inequality we also prove the impossibility of local cloning of a known entangled state.     

Determining the solution state orientation of a Ti enolate via stable isotope labeling, NMR spectroscopy, and modeling studies

Our group has used Ti-promoted aldol additions with an oxazolidineselone as the chiral auxiliary with much success. In these reactions, the Se atom in the auxiliary both promotes stereospecific addition as well as reports on, through the use of 77Se NMR spectroscopy, the ratio of diastereomers produced and the geometry of intermediates as the reaction proceeds. Through stable isotope labeling and NMR spectroscopy, we are able to experimentally observe a Ti enolate in solution and gain insight into its structure and reactivity. Results from molecular modeling calculations are also presented for comparison with NMR data.     

Identity double-proton transfer in (3Z)-3-hydroxy-1,4-di(quinolin-2-yl)but-3-en-2-one

Although there is a very fast (on the NMR timescale) double-proton transfer in (1Z,3Z)-3-hydroxy-4-quinolin-2-yl-1-quinolin-2(1H)-ylidenbut-3-en-2-one (the product of the condensation of ethyl oxalate with 2lithiomethylquinoline), it is the only species present in chloroform solution. Comparison of the product of condensation of ethyl oxalate with 2lithiomethyl derivatives of pyridine (recent studies) and quinoline (present studies) shows that benzoannulation considerably affects the tautomeric equilibrium. The observed changes are not only quantitative but also qualitative. Moreover, contrary to the proton transfer in the pyridine tautomers, this process is fast in the quinoline tautomers. Comparison of the experimental and ab initio/DFT GIAO-calculated (13)C and (15)N chemical shifts for the transition states in the proton-transfer reactions between (1Z,3Z)- 3-hydroxy-4-quinolin-2-yl-1-quinolin-2(1H)-ylidenbut-3-en-2-one and its tautomers support the theory that a concerted identity reaction takes place between the enolimine-enaminone and enaminone-enolimine tautomeric forms. As a consequence, the most stable tautomeric form, (1Z,3Z)-1,4-di(quinolin-2-yl)buta-1,3-diene-2,3-diol, is not present in the tautomeric mixture.     

Diamagnetic anisotropy of molecular complexes of 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene with anthracene and carbazole

The anisotropy of the diamagnetic properties of 1 : 1 EDA complex crystals of 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene with anthracene (A—TNB) and carbazole (C—TNB) has been measured as a function of temperature in the range 100–293 K. The results for 293 K are found to be in good agreement with the values calculated according to the rule of additivity for molecular susceptibilities. The temperature dependence of the diamagnetic anisotropy for both A—TNB and C—TNB crystals, is discussed in the context of possible phase transitions in the crystals. The influence of thermal motions on the diamagnetic properties is described     

On Convex Class of Pairs of Convex Bodies

In this paper we introduce a quotient class of pairs of convex bodies in which every member have convex union.