Characterization of two polysaccharides having activity on the reticuloendothelial system from the root of Glycyrrhiza uralensis

Two polysaccharides, called glycyrrhizans UA and UB, were isolated from the root of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer. They were homogeneous on electrophoresis and gel chromatography, and showed reticuloendothelial system-potentiating activity in a carbon clearance test. Glycyrrhizan UA is composed of L-arabinose: D-galactose: L-rhamnose: D-galacturonic acid in the molar ratio of 20:14:1:3, and glycyrrhizan UB is composed of L-arabinose: D-galactose: D-glucose: L-rhamnose: D-galacturonic acid in the molar ratio of 12:10:1:10:20, in addition to small amounts of O-acetyl groups and peptide moiety, respectively. About 10% (glycyrrhizan UA) and 35% (glycyrrhizan UB) of the D-galacturonic acid residues exist as the methyl esters. Methylation analysis, carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance and periodate oxidation studies indicated their structural features.     

Reaction of 3,4-disubstituted 1,2,5-oxadiazole 2-oxides with dipolarophiles : Substituent and solvent effect on the reaction courses

A variety of symmetrically or unsymmetrically 3,4-disubstituttd furoxans such as dicyano, dialkyl, diacyl, bis(phenylsulfonyl), N.N'-dialkyldicarbamoyl, 3(or 4)-methyl-4(or -3)-phenyl(or nitro, ethoxy, phenoxy, phenylthio, pyrrolidinyl, phenylsulfonyl), 3(or 4)-ethyl-4(or -3)phcnyl, and 3(or 4)-ethoxy-4(or -3)-phenylsulfonylruroxan reacted with dipolarophiles in toluene or xylene at the refluxing temperature to give nitrone-type 1,3-dipolar cycloadducts, 5-substituted 1-aza-2,8-dioxabicyclo-[3.3.0]octanes and/or 3-substituted 2-isoxazoline 2-oxides. On the other hand, some of the furoxans gave 2-isoxazolines via nitrile oxide 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition in a toluene (or xylene)-DMF solvent at the refluxing temperature.     

Parathyroid hormone and bone mineral content in male and female patients receiving hemodialysis

Relative bone mineral content in the lumbar spine was measured by phantom B-MAs with the apparatus of computerized tomography in order to study the relationships between bone mineral content with age and parathyroid hormone in sera of randomized out- and in-patients and the hemodialysis patients. There exists a significant difference between male and female in the loss of bone mineral content of three groups.     

Enantioselective carbanion cyclization of 5-alkenyl carbamates induced by asymmetric lithiation with s-butyllithium/(−)-sparteine system

Treatment of (E)-6-phenyl-5-hexenyl carbamates with s-BuLi/(−)-sparteine is shown to afford the trans-1,2-disubstituted cyclopentane derivatives in high % ee, along with the bicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes (bicyclization products).     

Clinical evaluation of osteocalcin in sera of the patients with neoplasms of bone

The clinical significance of osteocalcin in sera of bone tumors were measured in sera of various kinds of bone tumors. The levels of osteocalcin were higher in bone tumors than those in normal subjects. Serum osteocalcin levels in hypercalcemic groups of bone metastasis and myeloma showed a remarkable increase in a parallelism with serum ALP and LDH levels. These results suggested to be directly or indirectly activated on osteoblast by bone tumors and to be synthesized osteocalcin in osteoblast.     

The study in the relationship between serum calcium and serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) by employing the various kits of PTH assay

In order to evaluate the influences of serum PTH assay in the various concentrations of serum calcium, we divided into three groups which serum calcium had below 8.0 mg/dl, 8.2 mg/dl to 9.8 mg/dl and above 10.0 mg/dl at random samples and assayed PTH in serum sample, using various kits of PTH assay obtained from commercial sources. Our results suggested that the measurement of serum PTH influenced by the concentration of serum calcium and therefore, should be taken an attention of serum calcium in each sample.     

Electron beam treatment of lignite-burning flue gas with high concentrations of sulfur dioxide and water

Experiments were carried out to investigate the removals of SO₂ and NO_x from simulated lignite-burning flue gas containing SO₂ (4800 ppm), NO (320 ppm) and H₂O (22%) by electron beam irradiation. Removal efficiencies of SO₂ and NO_x were achieved to reach 97 and 88% at 70°C, and 74 and 85% at 80°C, respectively, with the dose of 10.3 kGy without NH₃ leakage. The higher removal efficiencies of SO₂ and NO_x were observed in simulated lignite-burning flue gas than in coal-fired flue gas containing 800 ppm of SO₂, 225 ppm of NO and 7.5% H₂O at the same treatment condition. The higher removal efficiencies were attributed to the higher concentrations of SO₂, H₂O, and added NH₃. Simulation calculations indicated that the higher concentrations of these components enhance the effective radical reactions to oxidize NO to form NO₂ with HO₂ radical, and to oxidize SO₂ to form SO₃ with OH radical and O₂. The reactions of NO_x with N and NH₂ radicals to produce N₂ and N₂O also promote the NO_x removal. By-product was determined to be the mixture of (NH₄)₂SO₄ and NH₄NO₃ containing a small amount of H₂SO₄.     

Catalytic direct 1,4-conjugate addition of aldehydes to vinylketones on secondary-amines immobilised in FSM-16 silica

Direct 1,4-conjugate addition of naked aldehydes to vinylketones is catalysed effectively by N-methyl-3-aminopropylated FSM-16 mesoporous silica, which can be regarded as a novel heterogeneous catalysis for a practical C-C bond formation reaction.