An unexpected route toward the synthesis of spiro-benzo[b]acridine-furan derivatives

A facile and straightforward procedure for the synthesis of spiro-benzo[b]acridine-6,2′-furan derivatives via the reaction between benzo[b]acridine-6,11-dione, electron-deficient acetylenic compounds, and an isocyanide is described. The benzo[b]acridine-6,11-dione is obtained from the reaction between 2-(aminomethyl)aniline and 2-hydroxynaphthalene-1,4-dione via an unexpected reaction pathway. The products are synthesized in medium to high yields and no complicated purification is required.     

Fixed points and functional equations connected with derivations on Banach algebras

Let 1≦m≦4 be a fixed integer and let f:X→Y be a mapping with X, Y two vector spaces. The functional equation (1.1) is said to be additive if m=1, quadratic if m=2, cubic if m=3 and quartic if m=4, respectively. For convenience, a solution of (1.1) will be called an m-mapping. Let $\mathcal{A}$ , $\mathcal{B}$ be two algebras. An m-mapping $f\colon \mathcal{A} \to \mathcal{B}$ will be called m-derivation if the equality f(xy)=x ^m f(y)+f(x)y ^m is fulfilled for all $x,y\in \mathcal{A}$ . In this paper, we use a fixed point method to prove the stability and hyperstability of m-derivations on Banach algebras.     

A novel pseudo-seven-component diastereoselective synthesis of λ-phosphanylidene bis(2,5-dioxotetrahydro-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylates) via binucleophilic systems

The unusual 1:2 intermediate, generated by the addition of triphenylphosphine (TPP) to dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates (DAAD) was trapped during the reaction of a Ph₃P/RN = C/DMAD binucleophilic system with TFA as an initial proton source in a pseudo-seven-component (7-CR) diastereoselective reaction to give λ⁵-phosphanylidene bis(2,5-dioxotetrahydro-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylates) with three stereogenic centers and a phosphorane group in good yields.     

Synthesis of organosoluble polyamides with bulky triaryl imidazole pendent group

New unsymmetrical diamine monomer containing triaryl imidazole pendent group,4-[4-(4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)phenoxy] -1,3-benzenediamine,was synthesized via aromatic substitution reaction of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene with 4-(4,5- diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)phenol,followed by palladium-catalyzed hydrazine reduction.This new monomer was further confirmed by FT-IR,~1H NMR and ~(13)C NMR.Novel polyamides having pendant triaryl imidazole group were prepared by the phosphorylation polycondensation of fou...     

Transformation of methane to synthesis gas over metal oxides without using catalyst

This article reviews a new developing method in the field of metal oxide reduction in chemical and metallurgical processes, which uses methane as a reducing agent. Commonly, coal is used as the reducing agent in the reduction of metal oxide and other inorganic materials; Metal producing factories are among the most intensive and concentrated source of greenhouse gases and other pollutants such as heavy metals, sulfur dioxide and fly ash. Thermodynamically, methane has a great reducing capability and can be activated to produce synthesis gas over a metal oxide as an oxygen donor. Metal oxide reduction and methane activation, two concurrent thermochemical processes, can be combined as an efficient and energy-saving process; nowadays this kind of technologies is of great importance. This new reduction process could improve energy efficiencies and significantly decrease greenhouse gas emission compared to the conventional process; furthermore, the produced gases are synthesis gas that is more valuable than methane. In this paper, thermodynamic studies and advantages of this promising method were discussed. The major aim of this article is to introduce methane as a best and environmentally friendly reducing agent at low temperature.     

Jordan derivations of full matrix algebras

Let A be a unital associative ring and M be a 2-torsion free A-bimodule. Using an elementary and constructive method we show that every Jordan derivation from M_n(A) into M_n(M) is a derivation.     

Local boundedness of monotone bifunctions

We consider bifunctions ${F : C\times C\rightarrow \mathbb{R}}$ where C is an arbitrary subset of a Banach space. We show that under weak assumptions, monotone bifunctions are locally bounded in the interior of their domain. As an immediate corollary, we obtain the corresponding property for monotone operators. Also, we show that in contrast to maximal monotone operators, monotone bifunctions (maximal or not maximal) can also be locally bounded at the boundary of their domain; in fact, this is always the case whenever C is a locally polyhedral subset of ${\mathbb{R}^{n}}$ and F(x, ·) is quasiconvex and lower semicontinuous.     

3–4.5 μm continuously tunable single mode VECSEL

We present continuously tunable Vertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VECSEL) in the mid-infrared. The structure based on IV?CVI semiconductors is epitaxially grown on a Si-substrates. The VECSEL emit one single mode, which is mode hop-free tunable over 50?C100?nm around the center wavelength. In this work, two different devices are presented, emitting at 3.4???m and 3.9???m, respectively. The lasers operate near room temperature with thermoelectric stabilization. They are optically pumped, yielding an output power >10?mW_p. The axial symmetric emission beam has a half divergence angle of <3.3^°.     

Copper(II)-selective membrane electrode based on a recently synthesized naphthol-derivative Schiff’s base

A PVC membrane electrode for copper(II) ions based on a recently synthesized naphthol-derivative Schiff’s base as membrane carrier was prepared. The sensor exhibits a Nernstian response for Cu²⁺ ions over a wide concentration range (5.0 × 10^–6–5.0 × 10^–2 mol/L) with a detection limit of 3.1 × 10^–6 mol/L (0.2 μg/mL). It has a very short response time of about 5 s and can be used for ¶3 months without any divergence in potential. The proposed electrode revealed good selectivities over a wide variety of other cations including alkali, alkaline earth, transition and heavy metal ions and could be used in a pH range of 4.0–7.0. It was successfully applied to the direct determination and potentiometric titration of copper ion.     

Lentzeacins A-E,New Bacterial-Derived 2,5- and 2,6-Disubstituted Pyrazines from a BGC-Rich Soil Bacterium Lentzea sp. GA3-008

Pyrazines (1,4-diazirines) are an important group of natural products that have tremendous monetary value in the food and fragrance industries and can exhibit a wide range of biological effects including antineoplastic, antidiabetic and antibiotic activities. As part of a project investigating the secondary metabolites present in understudied and chemically rich Actinomycetes, we isolated a series of six pyrazines from a soil-derived Lentzea sp. GA3-008, four of which are new. Here we describe the structures of lentzeacins A-E (1, 3, 5 and 6) along with two known analogues (2 and 4) and the porphyrin zincphyrin. The structures were determined by NMR spectroscopy and HR-ESI-MS. The suite of compounds present in Lentzea sp. includes 2,5-disubstituted pyrazines (compounds 2, 4, and 6) together with the new 2,6-disubstituted isomers (compounds 1, 3 and 5), a chemical class that is uncommon. We used long-read Nanopore sequencing to assemble a draft genome sequence of Lentzea sp. which revealed the presence of 40 biosynthetic gene clusters. Analysis of classical di-modular and single module non-ribosomal peptide synthase genes, and cyclic dipeptide synthases narrows down the possibilities for the biosynthesis of the pyrazines present in this strain.