Raman spectroscopic study of the hydration of short-chain poly(oxyethylene)s C <Subscript>1</Subscript>E<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis></Subscript>C <Subscript>1</Subscript> (<Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis>=1−4)

The hypothesis that the degree of hydration of poly(oxyethylene) (POE) in aqueous solution depends on the mole ratio of water molecules to ether oxygen atoms in the molecule has been verified by studying the isotropic Raman spectra in the O−H stretching region for four short-chain POEs (C ₁E _n C ₁ withn=1−4). Excellent coincidence of the O−H stretching Raman band for all four POEs studied in the range of mole ratio H₂O/O _ether from 25 to 0.6 was observed, thus confirming the assumption stated above. A conclusion that all ether oxygen atoms in the POE molecule participate in hydrogen bonding with water molecules has been made.     

Electron-stimulated production of molecular hydrogen at the interfaces of amorphous solid water films on Pt(111)

The electron-stimulated production of molecular hydrogen (D(2), HD, and H(2)) from amorphous solid water (ASW) deposited on Pt(111) is investigated. Experiments with isotopically layered films of H(2)O and D(2)O are used to profile the spatial distribution of the electron-stimulated reactions leading to hydrogen within the water films. The molecular hydrogen yield has two components that have distinct reaction kinetics due to reactions that occur at the ASW/Pt interface and the ASW/vacuum interface, but not in the bulk. However, the molecular hydrogen yield as a function of the ASW film thickness in both pure and isotopically layered films indicates that the energy for the reactions is absorbed in the bulk of the films and electronic excitations migrate to the interfaces where they drive the reactions.     

Efficient Resolution of Some Monoprotected Derivatives of Corey Lactone

Racemic monoprotected at primary hydroxy group Corey lactones were resolved using (1S,2R,5R)-6,6-dimethyl-4-oxo-3-oxabicyclo-[3.1.0]hexan-2-ol as a chiral auxiliary reagent of hemiacylal chemotype.     

The unique structure of [(C4H9)4N]3[Pb(NO3)5]—one step forward in understanding transport properties in tetra-n-butylammonium-based solid electrolytes

Structural Chemistry - The crystal and molecular structure of tris(tetrabutylammonium) pentanitratoplumbate(II) was determined and characterized by single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction and...     

A simple proof of Schmidt–Summerer’s inequality

In this paper we give a simple proof of an inequality for intermediate Diophantine exponents obtained recently by W.M. Schmidt and L. Summerer.     

Quantitative analysis of physical factors that determine the behavior of activity coefficients of electrolytes

The development of theoretical ideas on the cause and the mechanism of the change of activity coefficients is the main aim of the investigation. The model describing the interaction of hydrated ions in electrolytes is proposed. In the model the electrostatic forces between ions and change of the energy of the hydrate shell in the process of ion convergence determine ions distribution in solution. The significant factor is the dependence of dielectric permittivity on the concentration of the electrolyte and on the distance to ion. The statistical approach developed allows one to calculate the influence of principal physical factors and, on this basis, to explain the nature of curves describing the activity coefficients. The results of simulation have been tested on a large number of experimental data.     

Nonexistence of global solutions to new ordinary differential inequality and applications to nonlineardispersive equations

A new ordinary differential inequality without global solutions is proposed. Comparison with similar differential inequalities in the well‐known concavity method is performed. As an application, finite time blow up of the solutions to nonlinear Klein–Gordon equation and generalized Boussinesq equation is proven. The initial energy is arbitrary high positive. The structural conditions on the initial data generalize the assumptions used in the literature for the time being. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.