‘Double chiral’ new members of calixsalen family

Synthesis and X-ray diffraction studies on the first examples of ‘double chiral’ calixsalens are presented. In these molecules, one can clearly distinguish two chiral zones. The first one is made by the macrocycle base, whereas the second chiral zone is set up of the additional chirality elements in the tail of the molecule. The ‘double chiral’ calixsalens are formed through cyclocondensation between chiral vicinal diamine of trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane type and chiral C-5 substituted 2-hydroxyisophthalaldehyde derivatives. The absolute configuration of the dialdehyde did not affect the yield of the macrocyclization reaction. The presence of secondary amides in the tail part of the macrocycle leads to formation of hydrogen bonding network in the solid state, while sterical hindrance preserve interdigitation, thus, ‘double chiral’ calixsalens do not form aggregates typical for other calixsalens.     

The optimal general upper bound for the distinguishing index of infinite graphs

The distinguishing index $D\prime \left(G\right)$ of a graph $G$ is the least cardinal number $d$ such that $G$ has an edge-coloring with $d$ colors, which is preserved only by the trivial automorphism. We prove a general upper bound $D\prime \text{◂≤▸}\left(G\right)\le \mathrm{\Delta }-1$ for any connected infinite graph $G$ with finite maximum degree $\mathrm{\Delta }\ge 3$. This is in contrast with finite graphs since for every $\mathrm{\Delta }\ge 3$ there exist infinitely many connected, finite graphs $G$ with $\text{◂,▸}D\prime \left(G\right)=\mathrm{\Delta }$. We also give examples showing that this bound is sharp for any maximum degree $\mathrm{\Delta }$.     

Mechanochemical Encapsulation of Fullerenes in Peptidic Containers Prepared by Dynamic Chiral Self‐Sorting and Self‐Assembly

Molecular capsules composed of amino acid or peptide derivatives connected to resorcin[4]arene scaffolds through acylhydrazone linkers have been synthesized using dynamic covalent chemistry (DCC) and hydrogen‐bond‐based self‐assembly. The dynamic character of the linkers and the preference of the peptides towards self‐assembly into β‐barrel‐type motifs lead to the spontaneous amplification of formation of homochiral capsules from mixtures of different substrates. The capsules have cavities of around 800 ų and exhibit good kinetic stability. Although they retain their dynamic character, which allows processes such as chiral self‐sorting and chiral self‐assembly to operate with high fidelity, guest complexation is hindered in solution. However, the quantitative complexation of even very large guests, such as fullerene C₆₀ or C₇₀, is possible through the utilization of reversible covalent bonds or the application of mechanochemical methods. The NMR spectra show the influence of the chiral environment on the symmetry of the fullerene molecules, which results in the differentiation of diastereotopic carbon atoms for C₇₀, and the X‐ray structures provide unique information on the modes of peptide–fullerene interactions.     

Environmentally sensitive hydrogel functionalized with electroactive and complexing‐iron(III) catechol groups

Thermoresponsive pNIPA (poly (N‐isopropylacrylamide)) gels modified with dopamine methacrylamide were synthesized using free‐radical polymerization. In this way, the catechol groups were introduced into the polymer network. The presence of dopamine in the gel led to a significant shift in the volume phase transition temperature (VPTT). It was found that hydrogels were electroactive and that oxidation of catechol groups also led to a strong shift in the VPTT. The temperature window, that is, the range of temperature where volume of the gel could be substantially changed by oxidation of the catechol groups, for the gel formed from the polymerization solution containing 5% of the dopamine derivative, was 30–40 °C. Additionally, the influence of Fe³⁺ ions, which form the most stable complexes with dopamine, on swelling behavior of the gels was investigated at various pH. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017 , 55, 3236–3242     

Local buckling of composite channel columns

Continuum Mechanics and Thermodynamics - The investigation concerns local buckling of compressed flanges of axially compressed composite channel columns. Cooperation of the member flange and web is...     

Polyphenols,L-Ascorbic Acid,and Antioxidant Activity in Wines from Rose Fruits (Rosa rugosa)

The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of the winemaking process on the antioxidant potential and content of phenolic compounds and L-ascorbic acid in wines from the fruits of Rosa rugosa. The results obtained in this study clearly indicate that the fruits of the Rosa rugosa are a desirable raw material for the production of fruit wine. The parameters of the technological process of producing wines from rose fruits had a diversified influence on the tested quality characteristics. Aged wines contained phenolics levels of 473–958 mg/100 mL GAE. The final concentrations of ascorbic acid ranged from 61 to 155 mg/100 mL for the different variants of the wine. Wines revealed high antioxidant activity in assay with DPPH. On the basis of the obtained results, it can be assumed that all the applied variants of the winemaking process are suitable for rose fruit wine. Each variant ensured at least the stability of the antioxidant capacity.