全文获取类型
收费全文 | 78153篇 |
免费 | 13564篇 |
国内免费 | 8160篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 54653篇 |
晶体学 | 730篇 |
力学 | 5042篇 |
综合类 | 369篇 |
数学 | 9063篇 |
物理学 | 30020篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 181篇 |
2023年 | 1638篇 |
2022年 | 2000篇 |
2021年 | 2753篇 |
2020年 | 3309篇 |
2019年 | 3080篇 |
2018年 | 2686篇 |
2017年 | 2465篇 |
2016年 | 3747篇 |
2015年 | 3609篇 |
2014年 | 4326篇 |
2013年 | 5575篇 |
2012年 | 7122篇 |
2011年 | 7350篇 |
2010年 | 4891篇 |
2009年 | 4628篇 |
2008年 | 5025篇 |
2007年 | 4511篇 |
2006年 | 4150篇 |
2005年 | 3453篇 |
2004年 | 2711篇 |
2003年 | 2174篇 |
2002年 | 1979篇 |
2001年 | 1673篇 |
2000年 | 1544篇 |
1999年 | 1709篇 |
1998年 | 1448篇 |
1997年 | 1410篇 |
1996年 | 1401篇 |
1995年 | 1161篇 |
1994年 | 1029篇 |
1993年 | 828篇 |
1992年 | 750篇 |
1991年 | 662篇 |
1990年 | 551篇 |
1989年 | 421篇 |
1988年 | 368篇 |
1987年 | 303篇 |
1986年 | 266篇 |
1985年 | 223篇 |
1984年 | 153篇 |
1983年 | 120篇 |
1982年 | 84篇 |
1981年 | 71篇 |
1980年 | 67篇 |
1979年 | 35篇 |
1978年 | 31篇 |
1977年 | 41篇 |
1976年 | 30篇 |
1973年 | 29篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 343 毫秒
991.
Brena B Zhuang GV Augustsson A Liu G Nordgren J Guo JH Ross PN Luo Y 《The journal of physical chemistry. B》2005,109(16):7907-7914
The electronic structure of pure poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) for four different polymeric chain conformations has been studied by Hartree-Fock (HF) and density functional theory (DFT) through the analysis of their valence band photoelectron spectroscopy (VB-PES), X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES), and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS). It is shown that the valence band of PEO presents specific conformation dependence, which can be used as a fingerprint of the polymeric structures. The calculated spectra have been compared with experimental results for PEO powder. 相似文献
992.
Price WJ Kuo PK Lee TR Colorado R Ying ZC Liu GY 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2005,21(18):8422-8428
Nanostructures of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are designed and produced using coadsorption and nanografting techniques. Because the structures of these artificially engineered domains are predesigned and well-characterized, a systematic investigation is possible to study the mechanical responses to force modulation under atomic force microscope tips. Force modulation imaging reveals characteristic contrast sensitivity to changes in molecular-level packing, molecule chain lengths, domain boundaries, and surface chemical functionalities in SAMs. By means of actively tuning the driving frequency, the resonances at the tip-surface contact are selectively activated. Therefore, specific surface features, such as the edges of the domains and nanostructures or desired chemical functionalities, can be selectively enhanced in the amplitude images. These observations provide a new and active approach in materials characterization and the study of nanotribology using atomic force microscopy. 相似文献
993.
Raman spectroscopic analysis of supersaturated aqueous solution of MgO.B2O3-32%MgCl2-H2O during acidification and dilution 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Zhihong L Bo G Shuni L Mancheng H Shuping X 《Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy》2004,60(13):3125-3128
Raman spectra of supersaturated aqueous solution of MgO.B2O3-32%MgCl2-H2O during acidification/alkalization and dilution have been studied. The assignments of the recorded Raman shift are given. The main existing forms of polyborate anions and their interaction in borate aqueous solution have been proposed through spectroscopic analysis. The experimental results indicate that the higher concentration of cation are beneficial not only to the dissolution of boric acid but also to the polymerization of polyborate anions. The existing forms and interaction among them also depend on the concentration of boron and the pH value in solution. 相似文献
994.
995.
Anna Wang Wei Zhang Jin Sun Jianfang Liu Yanshuang Sang Shuo Gao Zhonggui He 《Chromatographia》2007,66(9-10):741-745
A simple, rapid, and sensitive liquid chromatography–mass spectrometric (LC–MS) method was developed and validated for the determination of isoniazid in dog plasma. Plasma samples were deproteined with methanol and separated on a C18 column interfaced with a single quadrupole mass spectrometer, using 0.1% formic acid–acetonitrile (91:9 v/v) as mobile phase. Detection was performed by positive electrospray ionization with selected ion monitoring at m/z 138 for isoniazid and 152 for entecavir maleate internal standard. Linearity was obtained over the range of 25–5,000 ng mL?1, with a lower limit of quantification of 25 ng mL?1. The intra- and inter-day precision was less than 2.7% in terms of relative standard deviation. Accuracy, expressed as relative error, ranged from ?2.0 to 8.0%. Plasma samples were analysed within 5 min. The method was successfully applied to the evaluation of the pharmacokinetics of isoniazid in dog plasma. 相似文献
996.
997.
Yonghong Wen Zhi Qin Weisheng Liu 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2001,250(2):285-289
The extraction of Am3+ and Eu3+ from aqueous picric acid solution by N, N-dinaphthyl-N, N-diphenyl-3,6-dioxaoctanediamide (LI) and 1, 1-(3, 6, 9-trioxaundecanedionyl)diphenothiazine (LII) was investigated by a radioactive tracer technique. Extraction distribution ratios of Am3+ and Eu3+ have been measured as a function of pH, picric acid concentration, extractant concentration, diluent and temperature. The extraction of Am3+ is preferred to that of Eu3+ for both LI and LII, and the latter gives larger separation factor than the former. The equilibrium constants and thermodynamic parameters of extraction reactions were also calculated. 相似文献
998.
在具有不同氧化层厚度的p型硅基片上修饰2层磺化酞菁铜分子膜.利用时间分辨表面光电压谱技术,对该膜系的界面电荷转移机制的光电开关特性进行了研究。结果表明,用时间分辨表面光电压谱技术研究界面电荷转移过程具有明显优越性. 相似文献
999.
将酞菁锰(MnPc)掺入阳离子表面活性剂双十二烷基二甲基溴化铵(DDAB)的氯仿溶液,并涂布于热解石墨电极表面,待氯仿挥发后即制得MnPc-DDAB薄膜电极。循环伏安实验表明,在KBr溶液中,该薄膜电极有两对还原氧化峰,第一对峰的Epc1=-0.27V,Epa1=0.01V;第二对峰的Epc2=-0.76V,Epa2=-0.62V(vs.SCE)。本文着重探讨了第二对峰的电化学行为,估计了该体系的电荷传递扩散系数Dct和表观非均相电极反应速率常数K0′等电化学参数,并可将该薄膜电极用于催化三氯乙酸的电化学还原。 相似文献
1000.
水中痕量酚的富集和紫外分光光度测定法的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文研究了用微型树脂柱快速富集,分离,紫外分光光度测定水中痕量酚的方法。结果表明,以GDX-502为吸附剂,水样pH为1~3并含0.2mol/L氯化钠,以每分种15~20ml的速度通过吸附柱,以热的1%氢氧化钠水溶液为淋洗剂时,在291nm处测定苯酚的回收率为89~98%。此外探讨了干扰物的消除方法。吸附柱对苯酚的富集倍数达300倍,最低检测限为0.001ppm。方法精密度为0.3(%),相对标准偏差为3.18%。本法对实际水样进行了测定。结果满意。 相似文献