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41.
I.?A.?Pshenichnov B.?L.?Berman W.?J.?BriscoeEmail author C.?Cetina G.?Feldman P.?Heimberg A.?S.?Iljinov I.?I.?Strakovsky 《The European Physical Journal A - Hadrons and Nuclei》2005,24(1):69-84
We have calculated the fission probabilities for 237Np, 233, 235, 238U, 232Th, and natPb following the absorption of photons with energies from 68 MeV to 3.77 GeV using the RELDIS Monte Carlo code. This code implements the cascade-evaporation-fission model of intermediate-energy photonuclear reactions. It includes multiparticle production in photoreactions on intranuclear nucleons, pre-equilibrium emission, and the statistical decay of excited residual nuclei via competition of evaporation, fission, and multifragmentation processes. The calculations show that in the GeV energy region the fission process is not solely responsible for the entire total photoabsorption cross-section, even for the actinides. The fission probabilities are 80-95% for 233U, 235U, and 237Np, 70-80% for 238U, and only 55-70% for 232Th. This is because certain residual nuclei that are created by deep photospallation at GeV photon energies have relatively low fission probabilities. The results of those model calculations are in reasonable agreement (at the 10% level) with recent experimental data on relative photofission cross-sections for 237Np and 233, 235, 238U (but not for 232Th or natPb) from the Saskatchewan and Jefferson Laboratories over a very wide range in photon energy. Using our calculated fission probabilities plus the total photoabsorption cross-sections per nucleon, estimated from previous cross-section data for nuclei from C to Pb, we can infer absolute photofission cross-sections for the actinide nuclei and compare them with the SAL and JLab results. The resulting discrepancies, however, clearly demonstrate the need for direct measurement of the total photoabsorption cross-sections for the heavy actinides. 相似文献
42.
Dutt MV Cheng J Li B Xu X Li X Berman PR Steel DG Bracker AS Gammon D Economou SE Liu RB Sham LJ 《Physical review letters》2005,94(22):227403
We report on the coherent optical excitation of electron spin polarization in the ground state of charged GaAs quantum dots via an intermediate charged exciton (trion) state. Coherent optical fields are used for the creation and detection of the Raman spin coherence between the spin ground states of the charged quantum dot. The measured spin decoherence time, which is likely limited by the nature of the spin ensemble, approaches 10 ns at zero field. We also show that the Raman spin coherence in the quantum beats is caused not only by the usual stimulated Raman interaction but also by simultaneous spontaneous radiative decay of either excited trion state to a coherent combination of the two spin states. 相似文献
43.
Rossi P Mirazita M Ronchetti F De Sanctis E Adams G Ambrozewicz P Anciant E Anghinolfi M Asavapibhop B Audit G Avakian H Bagdasaryan H Ball JP Barrow S Battaglieri M Beard K Bektasoglu M Bellis M Benmouna N Berman BL Bertozzi W Bianchi N Biselli AS Boiarinov S Bonner BE Bouchigny S Bradford R Branford D Briscoe WJ Brooks WK Burkert VD Butuceanu C Calarco JR Carman DS Carnahan B Chen S Cole PL Cords D Corvisiero P Crabb D Crannell H Cummings JP De Vita R Degtyarenko PV Denizli H Dennis L 《Physical review letters》2005,94(1):012301
44.
We study many-body quantum dynamics of delta-interacting bosons confined in a one-dimensional ring. Main attention is paid to the transition from the mean-field to the Tonks-Girardeau regime using an approach developed in the theory of interacting particles. We analyze, both analytically and numerically, how the Shannon entropy of the wave function and the momentum distribution depend on time for weak and strong interactions. We show that the transition from regular (quasiperiodic) to irregular ("chaotic") dynamics coincides with the onset of the Tonks-Girardeau regime. In the latter regime, the momentum distribution of the system reveals a statistical relaxation to a steady state distribution. The transition can be observed experimentally by studying the interference fringes obtained after releasing the trap and letting the boson system expand ballistically. 相似文献
45.
Volinsky R Kolusheva S Berman A Jelinek R 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2004,20(25):11084-11091
Lipid interactions and cooperative assembly properties are fundamental determinants for the action of antimicrobial membrane-active peptides. Here we analyze the interactions and aggregation properties of alamethicin, an antimicrobial pore-forming peptide, with films formed at the air/water interface. Surface-area/pressure isotherms, Brewster angle microscopy, and fluorescence-confocal microscopy provided detailed information on the morphologies and structural properties of the peptide and its effect on the film components. The pressure-area analysis and microscopy experiments facilitated unprecedented visualization of the structural consequences of alamethicin association at the air/water interface, with pure phospholipid films, and within mixed phospholipid/polydiacetylene (PDA) films. The analysis exposed the kinetic features and the interplay between the peptide aggregates and film constituents. In particular, the results demonstrate the use of phospholipid/PDA film assemblies for studying membrane-peptide association and interactions within two-dimensional films. 相似文献
46.
This paper describes a flow-injection (FI) method for the simultaneous determination of aniline and cyclohexylamine impurities in cyclamate products. The method consists of the derivatization of amines with 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulfonate under selective and non-selective conditions. Here, the selectivity is achieved by working at 20 degree C, at which only aniline reacts, whilst higher temperatures (80 degree C) lead to a non-selective reaction of the two analytes. The FI manifold is composed of two flow cells for the spectrophotometric detection of derivatives at 480 nm. Experimental conditions have been optimized by factorial design and multicriteria making approach. Quantification is accomplished by differential analysis of the analyte contributions in the double peaks generated when the sample reaches cell 1 and cell 2. Results obtained with the proposed method are in satisfactory agreement with those provided by the standard method for the analysis of cyclamate samples. 相似文献
47.
Battaglieri M Brunoldi M De Vita R Laget JM Osipenko M Ripani M Taiuti M Adams G Amaryan MJ Anciant E Anghinolfi M Armstrong DS Asavapibhop B Asryan G Audit G Auger T Avakian H Barrow S Beard K Bektasoglu M Berman BL Bersani A Bianchi N Biselli AS Boiarinov S Bouchigny S Bradford R Branford D Briscoe WJ Brooks WK Burkert VD Calarco JR Capitani GP Carman DS Carnahan B Cazes A Cetina C Cole PL Coleman A Cords D Corvisiero P Crabb D Crannell H Cummings JP DeSanctis E Degtyarenko PV Demirchyan R 《Physical review letters》2003,90(2):022002
The differential cross section, dsigma/dt, for omega meson exclusive photoproduction on the proton above the resonance region (2.6相似文献
48.
Gerritz SW Norman MH Barger LA Berman J Bigham EC Bishop MJ Drewry DH Garrison DT Heyer D Hodson SJ Kakel JA Linn JA Marron BE Nanthakumar SS Navas FJ 《Journal of combinatorial chemistry》2003,5(2):110-117
The high-throughput manual solid-phase parallel synthesis of libraries comprising thousands of discrete samples using pellicular supports (i.e. SynPhase crowns and lanterns) and a suite of novel tools and techniques is described. Key aspects of this approach include the combination of a split-split-split synthesis strategy with spatial encoding to differentiate thousands of crowns, the rapid washing and filtration of up to 48 reaction vessels in parallel, the application of an inexpensive and environmentally friendly technique to remove trifluoroacetic acid from sixteen 96-well plates in parallel, and a high-throughput method for removing cleaved crowns from reusable pin racks. Tens of thousands of discrete samples have been produced in-house using this conceptually and operationally straightforward strategy. 相似文献
49.
We investigate the influence of superpositional wave function oscillations on the performance of Shor's quantum algorithm for factorization of integers. It is shown that wave function oscillations can modify the required quantum interference. This undesirable effect can be routinely eliminated using a resonant pulse implementation of quantum computation, but requires special analysis for nonresonant implementations. We also discuss the influence of this effect on implementation of other quantum algorithms. 相似文献
50.