4-Hydroxy-2-quinolones 137. Synthesis,structure, and spectroscopic characteristics of diethyl 2,2′-dioxo-1,2,3,4,1′,2′,3′,4′-octahydro[4,4′]biquinolinyl-3,3′-dicarboxylate

Treatment of the ethyl esters of 1-R-4-chloro-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acids with zinc dust in glacial acetic acid gives high yields of diethyl 2,2′-dioxo-1,2,3,4,1′,2′,3′,4′-octahydro[4,4′]biquinolinyl-3,3′-dicarboxylates. The structural features of the synthesized compounds together with their NMR and mass spectra are discussed. __________ Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 12, pp. 1799–1807, December, 2007.     

X-ray emission and X-ray photoelectron studies of the electronic structure of the polymeric cubane cluster compounds Mo4S4Cl4, GaMo4S8, and GaMo4S4Te4

X-ray emission and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to study the electronic structures of the polymeric cubane cluster compounds Mo₄S₄Cl₄, GaMo₄S₈, and GaMo₄S₄Te₄. It is revealed that the ligand orbitals make significant contributions to the highest occupied molecular orbitals (M−M bonds). Substitution in the series Cl−S−Te increases the covalence of the metal—bridging ligand bonds. The experimental spectra allowed the construction of a qualitative scheme of the electronic structure of Mo₄S₄Cl₄. Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences. Translated fromZhurnal Strukturnoi Khimii, Vol. 36, No. 6, pp. 1038–1045, November–December, 1995. Translated by I. Izvekova     

Characteristics of the electronic structure of transition metal oxides with metallic and semiconductor conductivity

Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Zhurnal Strukturnoi Khimii, Vol. 31, No. 4, pp. 145–148, July–August, 1990.     

Variations of cut-off rigidity in Irkutsk

According to the ground-based measurements of cosmic ray intensity on the worldwide network of stations and GOES spacecrafts, variations in cut-off rigidity in Irkutsk for the period 2004–2005 have been calculated. The calculated variations in cut-off rigidity are presented along with the Dst variations of the geomagnetic field.     

Receptivity of a boundary layer to external sonic waves

The effect of external acoustic perturbations on a two-dimensional laminar boundary layer is studied within the framework of the asymptotic theory. Essentially nonparallel regimes of the basic flow when flows with a separation zone develop are investigated.     

Receptivity of the boundary layer with separation bubble to external sound waves

The receptivity problem of laminar separated two-dimensional boundary-layer under influence of external acoustic waves is considered. Basic features of this theory were formulated by Ruban (1984) and then Goldstein (1985), but these investigations were limited by small perturbations of steady parallel flow only. The current paper takes into account essentially nonparallel regimes of base flow, including attached flows, flow with separated bubbles and the base flow at marginal value of parameter. The steady flow near a corner point of profile is of considerable interest and a question naturally arises about the sensitivity of separation bubble inside the boundary layer to external disturbances such as sound waves. Another question arises about the sensitivity of near critical base flow, namely if corner is concave there is a marginal angle which limits existence of such base flow. This fact usually is linked with sudden reconstruction of full flow pattern past a profile. Development of perturbations inside the interaction region may give some answers about the appearance of turbulence. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Mono- and dihalogenofurfurals in the wittig reaction

The reaction of 3(5)-monohalogeno- and 4,5-dihalogenofurfurals with alkoxycarbonylmethyl-enetriphenylphosphoranes has given esters of - [3(5)-mono- and -4,5-dihalogeno-2-furyl]-acrylic acids, which are converted by alkaline hydrolysis into the corresponding halogen-substituted furylacrylic acids.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 7, pp. 870–872, July, 1973.