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Focusing on mitigation strategies for global pandemic influenza, we use elementary mathematical models to evaluate the implementation and timing of non-pharmaceutical intervention strategies such as travel restrictions, social distancing and improved hygiene. A spreadsheet model of infection spread between several linked heterogeneous communities is based on analytical calculations and Monte Carlo simulations. Since human behavior will likely change during the course of a pandemic, thereby altering the dynamics of the disease, we incorporate a feedback parameter into our model to reflect altered behavior. Our results indicate that while a flu pandemic could be devastating; there are coping methods that when implemented quickly and correctly can significantly mitigate the severity of a global outbreak. 相似文献
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Karima Ferchichi Souhaira Hbaieb Noureddine Amdouni Valérie Pralong Yves Chevalier 《Ionics》2014,20(9):1301-1314
The oil in water (o/w) emulsions were prepared using aniline dissolved in toluene and LiCoO2 particles as stabilizers (Pickering emulsions). Pickering emulsions are stabilized by adsorbed solid particles instead of emulsifier molecules. The mean droplet diameter of emulsions was controlled by the mass ratio M (oil)/M (solid particles). The emulsions showed great stability during 3 days. The composite materials containing LiCoO2 and the conductive polymer polyaniline (PANI) have been prepared by means of polymerization of aniline emulsion stabilized by LiCoO2 particles. The composite materials were characterized by nanosphere and nanofiber-like structures. The nanofiber-like morphology of the powdered material was distinctly different of the morphologies of the parent materials. The electrochemical reactivity of PANI/LiCoO2 composites as positive electrode in a lithium battery was examined during lithium ion deinsertion and insertion by galvanostatic charge–discharge testing; PANI/LiCoO2 (1:4) composite materials exhibited the best electrochemical performance by increasing the reaction reversibility and capacity compared to that of the pristine LiCoO2 cathode. The first discharge capacity of PANI/LiCoO2 (1:4) was 167 mAh/g, while that of LiCoO2 was136 mAh/g. 相似文献
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Elaissi A Rouis Z Mabrouk S Salah KB Aouni M Khouja ML Farhat F Chemli R Harzallah-Skhiri F 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2012,17(3):3044-3057
The essential oils of fifteen Eucalyptus species harvested from the Jbel Abderrahman and Korbous arboreta (North East Tunisia) were screened for their antibacterial activities by the agar disc diffusion method. Eighteen major components as identified by GC/FID and GC/MS were selected for a study of the chemical and biological activity variability. The main one was 1,8-cineole, followed by spathulenol, trans-pinocarveol, α-pinene, p-cymene, globulol, cryptone, β-phellandrene, viridiflorol, borneol, limonene and isospathulenol. The chemical principal component analysis identified five species groups and subgroups, where each group constituted a chemotype, however that of the values of zone diameter of the inhibition (zdi) identified six groups of Eucalyptus oils, characterized by their antibacterial inhibition ability. The strongest activity was shown by E. platypus oil against Enterococcus faecalis and by E. lamannii oil against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. A correlation between the levels of some major components and the antibacterial activities was observed. 相似文献
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Aicha Benabad Karima Bakhous Fatima Cherkaoui Elizabeth M. Holt 《Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Structural Chemistry》2000,56(11):1292-1293
BiV0.4Fe3IIIO(PO4)3 crystallizes with two Fe atoms (one on an inversion centre and one on a mirror plane) displaying octahedral geometry and a third Fe atom (on a mirror plane) with trigonal bipyramidal coordination. Fe atoms are seen in oxygen‐bridged chains. BiV atoms are found in the interstitial sites between these chains. Bi shows sevenfold coordination, with Bi—O distances between 2.357 (7) and 2.529 (6) Å. 相似文献
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S. Mokrane L. Makhloufi H. Hammache B. Saidani 《Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry》2001,5(5):339-347
Conductive polypyrrole (PPy) films and PPy films containing Ge microparticles were synthesized by anodic oxidation of pyrrole
in acidic nitrate solutions using a bare passivated titanium electrode. Well-adhering black PPy films were obtained both under
galvanostatic and potentiodynamic polarization. After the formation of the PPy film, during the first anodic cycle, an increase
of the anodic deposition current with the number of cycles was observed, revealing the increase of conductivity of the growing
film. The variations of the electrode surface area were estimated by impedance spectroscopy measurements. The kinetics of
the PPy film formation is controlled by diffusion of the Py monomer in the solution. The diffusion coefficient, estimated
by two different methods, was ca. 2×10–6 cm2 s–1. The reduction rate of oxygen and protons at the Ti/PPy/Ge electrodes depends on how the Ge microparticles are incorporated
in the PPy film. Optimum conditions for this incorporation are realized with thin PPy films and high Ge loading. Thermogravimetric
analysis shows that the PPy film containing Ge microparticles is more thermally stable than the blank PPy film.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
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The stoichiometry of charge‐transfer complexes which ionise in polar media has been studied by conductimetric titration technique in the systems morpholine‐p‐chloranil (CA), piperidine‐CA and pyrrolidine‐CA in three different polar solvents namely N,N‐dimethylformamide, acetonitrile and dimethylsulfoxide at different temperatures of 10, 15, 18, 20, 25 and 30 °C. The stoichiometric ratios of these complexes were found to vary from 1:1 to 1:4 (acceptor: donor) depending on the system, temperature and solvent used. The ασM‐values of these complexes have been reported. The effect of solvents, temperatures and types of electron donors on the σP‐values has been examined. 相似文献
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Lakaour Lamia Aïssani Djamil Adel-Aissanou Karima Barkaoui Kamel 《Methodology and Computing in Applied Probability》2019,21(4):1395-1406
Methodology and Computing in Applied Probability - In this paper, an M/M/1 retrial queue with collisions and transmission errors is considered. The collision may occur when a primary arriving... 相似文献