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1.
The concept of super hamiltonian semigroup is introduced. As a result, the structure theorems obtained by A. Cherubini and A. Varisco on quasi commutative semi-groups and quasi hamiltonian semigroups respectively are extended to super hamiltonian semigroups. 相似文献
2.
D. Liu N.Q. Ngo X.Y. Dong S.C. Tjin P. Shum 《Applied physics. B, Lasers and optics》2005,81(6):807-811
We propose and experimentally demonstrate a stable dual-wavelength erbium-doped polarization-maintaining (PM) fiber laser
with tunable wavelength spacing using an all-PM linear cavity that makes use of two reflection peaks from the PM fiber Bragg
grating (PM-FBG). Experimental results show stable dual lasing lines with a wavelength separation of ∼0.22 nm and a large
optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) of over 40 dB under room temperature. By applying axial strain to the PM-FBG, the center
wavelengths of the two lasing lines can be tuned over several nanometers and the wavelength separation between the lasing
lines can also be tuned to as small as 0.05 nm, which, to our knowledge, is the smallest wavelength spacing ever obtained
from a stable room-temperature dual-wavelength fiber laser. The proposed laser configuration has the advantages of simple
structure, low loss, stable dual-wavelength operation and a very small lasing linewidth of ∼5 kHz .
PACS 42.55.Wd; 42.81.-i; 42.81.Gs 相似文献
3.
Jian Ming ZHAN Bijan DAVVAZ K. P. SHUM 《数学学报(英文版)》2007,23(8):1345-1356
We describe the relationship between the fuzzy sets and the algebraic hyperstructures. In fact, this paper is a continuation of the ideas presented by Davvaz in (Fuzzy Sets Syst., 117: 477- 484, 2001) and Bhakat and Das in (Fuzzy Sets Syst., 80: 359-368, 1996). The concept of the quasicoincidence of a fuzzy interval value with an interval-valued fuzzy set is introduced and this is a natural generalization of the quasi-coincidence of a fuzzy point in fuzzy sets. By using this new idea, the concept of interval-valued (α,β)-fuzzy sub-hypermodules of a hypermodule is defined. This newly defined interval-valued (α,β)-fuzzy sub-hypermodule is a We shall study such fuzzy sub-hypermodules and sub-hypermodules of a hypermodule. generalization of the usual fuzzy sub-hypermodule. consider the implication-based interval-valued fuzzy 相似文献
4.
Soliton propagation in a directional fiber coupler is investigated. By using Fourier series analysis technique (FSAT), the effects of radii ratio and intermodal dispersion on soliton switching have been investigated. 相似文献
5.
New developments in inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and laser desorption-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LD-TOF-MS) for inorganic analysis are described. These include fundamental studies of the ion extraction, process in ICP-MS, development of a highly efficient nebulizer, isotope tracer studies, measurement of elemental speciation by liquid chromatography with ICP-MS detection and characterization of the structures of solids by ion association. The possibilities of determining inorganic species in solutions by electrospray MS are also described. 相似文献
6.
Stephen D. Pastor Sai P. Shum Ronald K. Rodebaugh Anthony D. Debellis Frank H. Clarke 《Helvetica chimica acta》1993,76(2):900-914
The synthesis and characterization of 2-{1-{3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-2-{[2,4,8,10-tetrakis(1,1-dimethylethyl)dibenzo[d,f][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin-6-yl]oxy}phenyl}ethyl}-4,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenyl diphenyl phosphite ( 6 ) is described. In the 31P-NMR spectrum (1H-decoupled) of 6 , an unprecedented eight-bond P,P coupling of J = 72.8 Hz is observed. In the X-ray crystal structure of 6 , an intramolecular P–P distance of 3.67 Å is found, which is within the sum of the van-der-Waals radii of the P-atoms. The observed intramolecular P–P distance suggests that a through-space coupling mechanism is operative. The solid-state conformation of 6 is compared to the conformation obtained by semi-empirical MO geometry optimizations (PM3 method). The calculated geometry suggests that the solid-state structure is near a true energy minimum, but that crystal-packing forces decrease the intramolecular P–P distance in the solid state. In the absence of crystal-packing forces, however, the collisional and vibrational energy available in solution may lead to the population of states with a shortened intramolecular P–P distance in 6 . The proximity of the P-atoms in 6 is due to restricted conformational freedom resulting from steric congestion within the molecule. The free energy of activation (ΔG* = 10.2 and 10.8 kcal/mol for unequal populations of exchanging conformers) for ring inversion of the dibenzo[d,f][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin ring in 6 is determined by variable-temperature 31P-NMR spectroscopy. Semi-empirical MO calculation on model compounds suggest that the structure of the transition state for ring inversion has the two aryl rings and O-atoms in a common plane, with the P-atom lying above this plane. 相似文献
7.
Ma DL Shum TY Zhang F Che CM Yang M 《Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)》2005,(37):4675-4677
Platinum(II) terpyridine complexes with glycosylated acetylide and arylacetylide ligands bind to DNA with binding constants approximately 10(5) mol(-1) dm(3); the glycosylated arylacetylide complexes exhibit emission at lambda(max) approximately 620 nm in water and are up to approximately 100-times higher in potency than the clinical cisplatin drug in killing cancer cells. 相似文献
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10.
In an optical fiber link with polarization-dependent loss (PDL), we demonstrate that although the complex polarization mode dispersion vector cannot be fully obtained by the reflectometric measurement, the spectrally resolved differential group delay (DGD) and differential attenuation slope (DAS) can be explicitly determined by such measurements performed simultaneously in the optical frequency domain and the fiber length domain. In principle, this technique can be used to realize the spectrally resolved and spatially resolved measurement of DGD and DAS in an optical fiber link having PDL based on distributed Rayleigh backscattering. We report the experimental result based on the far-end Fresnel reflection to confirm the validity of the proposed method. 相似文献