全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1582篇 |
免费 | 79篇 |
国内免费 | 8篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 1271篇 |
晶体学 | 5篇 |
力学 | 12篇 |
数学 | 141篇 |
物理学 | 240篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 28篇 |
2022年 | 12篇 |
2021年 | 50篇 |
2020年 | 64篇 |
2019年 | 59篇 |
2018年 | 44篇 |
2017年 | 26篇 |
2016年 | 56篇 |
2015年 | 35篇 |
2014年 | 56篇 |
2013年 | 69篇 |
2012年 | 148篇 |
2011年 | 170篇 |
2010年 | 62篇 |
2009年 | 43篇 |
2008年 | 103篇 |
2007年 | 109篇 |
2006年 | 97篇 |
2005年 | 98篇 |
2004年 | 75篇 |
2003年 | 55篇 |
2002年 | 45篇 |
2001年 | 11篇 |
2000年 | 6篇 |
1999年 | 5篇 |
1998年 | 8篇 |
1997年 | 10篇 |
1996年 | 2篇 |
1995年 | 2篇 |
1994年 | 9篇 |
1993年 | 6篇 |
1992年 | 5篇 |
1991年 | 7篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
1985年 | 5篇 |
1984年 | 10篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 7篇 |
1981年 | 14篇 |
1980年 | 10篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1978年 | 7篇 |
1977年 | 9篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1974年 | 5篇 |
1973年 | 7篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
1964年 | 1篇 |
1896年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1669条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
151.
Elizabeth M. Humston Joshua D. Knowles Andrew McShea Robert E. Synovec 《Journal of chromatography. A》2010,1217(12):1963-1970
Quality control of cacao beans is a significant issue in the chocolate industry. In this report, we describe how moisture damage to cacao beans alters the volatile chemical signature of the beans in a way that can be tracked quantitatively over time. The chemical signature of the beans is monitored via sampling the headspace of the vapor above a given bean sample. Headspace vapor sampled with solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME) was detected and analyzed with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography combined with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC–TOFMS). Cacao beans from six geographical origins (Costa Rica, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Panama) were analyzed. Twenty-nine analytes that change in concentration levels via the time-dependent moisture damage process were measured using chemometric software. Biomarker analytes that were independent of geographical origin were found. Furthermore, prediction algorithms were used to demonstrate that moisture damage could be verified before there were visible signs of mold by analyzing subsets of the 29 analytes. Thus, a quantitative approach to quality screening related to the identification of moisture damage in the absence of visible mold is presented. 相似文献
152.
We combined sum-frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy with coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectroscopy in one system to examine both surface and bulk structures of materials with the same geometry and without the need to move the sample. Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and polystyrene (PS) thin films were tested before and after plasma treatment. The sensitivities of SFG and CARS were tested by varying polymer film thickness and using a lipid monolayer. 相似文献
153.
Tristan J. Keller Christopher Sterzenbach Joshua Bahr Taria L. Schneiders Markus Bursch Julia Kohn Theresa Eder John M. Lupton Stefan Grimme Sigurd Hger Stefan-S. Jester 《Chemical science》2021,12(27):9352
Molecular spoked wheels with D3h and Cs symmetry are synthesized by Vollhardt trimerization of C2v-symmetric dumbbell structures with central acetylene units and subsequent intramolecular ring closure. Scanning tunneling microscopy of the D3h-symmetric species at the solid/liquid interface on graphite reveals triporous chiral honeycomb nanopatterns in which the alkoxy side chains dominate the packing over the carboxylic acid groups, which remain unpaired. In contrast, Cs-symmetric isomers partially allow for pairing of the carboxylic acids, which therefore act as a probe for the reduced alkoxy chain nanopattern stabilization. This observation also reflects the adsorbate substrate symmetry mismatch, which leads to an increase of nanopattern complexity and unexpected templating of alkoxy side chains along the graphite armchair directions. State-of-the-art GFN-FF calculations confirm the overall structure of this packing and attribute the unusual side-chain orientation to a steric constraint in a confined environment. These calculations go far beyond conventional simple space-filling models and are therefore particularly suitable for this special case of molecular packing.Scanning tunneling microscopy investigations of phenylene-based molecular spoked wheels with D3h and Cs symmetries on graphite show the competitive or complementary effects of carboxylic acid groups and alkoxy chains on the nanopattern formation. 相似文献
154.
H. Joshua Phillips 《Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry》1896,35(1):561-562
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
155.
Joshua P. Gray Md. Nasir Uddin Rajan Chaudhari Margie N. Sutton Hailing Yang Philip Rask Hannah Locke Brian J. Engel Nefeli Batistatou Jing Wang Brian J. Grindel Pratip Bhattacharya Seth T. Gammon Shuxing Zhang David Piwnica-Worms Joshua A. Kritzer Zhen Lu Robert C. Bast Jr. Steven W. Millward 《Chemical science》2021,12(10):3526
In recent decades it has become increasingly clear that induction of autophagy plays an important role in the development of treatment resistance and dormancy in many cancer types. Unfortunately, chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), two autophagy inhibitors in clinical trials, suffer from poor pharmacokinetics and high toxicity at therapeutic dosages. This has prompted intense interest in the development of targeted autophagy inhibitors to re-sensitize disease to treatment with minimal impact on normal tissue. We utilized Scanning Unnatural Protease Resistant (SUPR) mRNA display to develop macrocyclic peptides targeting the autophagy protein LC3. The resulting peptides bound LC3A and LC3B—two essential components of the autophagosome maturation machinery—with mid-nanomolar affinities and disrupted protein–protein interactions (PPIs) between LC3 and its binding partners in vitro. The most promising LC3-binding SUPR peptide accessed the cytosol at low micromolar concentrations as measured by chloroalkane penetration assay (CAPA) and inhibited starvation-mediated GFP-LC3 puncta formation in a concentration-dependent manner. LC3-binding SUPR peptides re-sensitized platinum-resistant ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin treatment and triggered accumulation of the adapter protein p62 suggesting decreased autophagic flux through successful disruption of LC3 PPIs in cell culture. In mouse models of metastatic ovarian cancer, treatment with LC3-binding SUPR peptides and carboplatin resulted in almost complete inhibition of tumor growth after four weeks of treatment. These results indicate that SUPR peptide mRNA display can be used to develop cell-penetrating macrocyclic peptides that target and disrupt the autophagic machinery in vitro and in vivo.SUPR peptide mRNA display was used to evolve a cell-permeable, macrocyclic peptide for autophagy inhibition. 相似文献
156.
Begin with a set of four points in the real plane in general position. Add to this collection the intersection of all lines
through pairs of these points. Iterate. Ismailescu and Radoičić (Comput. Geom. 27:257–267, 2004) showed that the limiting set is dense in the plane. We give doubly exponential upper and lower bounds on the number of points
at each stage. The proof employs a variant of the Szemerédi–Trotter Theorem and an analysis of the “minimum degree” of the
growing configuration. 相似文献
157.
Thomas Mathew C. P. Joshua 《Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. A, Chemistry》1991,60(3):319-324
The photolysis of 2,2′-dinitrodiphenylmethylbenzoates (1a–1d) in 2-propanol gives dibenzo-[c, f]-[1,2]diazepin-11-one-oxides (5a–5d) as the major product. Dibenzo[c, f]-[1,2]diazepin-11-ones (2a–2d), 2,2′-dinitrobenzophenones (3a–3d), 2-amino-2′-nitrobenzophenones (4a–4d) and N-hydroxyacridones (6a–6d) are also formed in the reaction. When the irradiation is carried out in benzene, 3-(2′-nitrophenyl)-2,1-benzisoxazoles (7a–7d) are also obtained together with the above products. 相似文献
158.
Joshua Rushton 《Journal of Theoretical Probability》2007,20(3):397-427
We establish a functional LIL for the maximal process M(t) :=sup 0≤s≤t
‖X(s)‖ of an ℝ
d
-valued α-stable Lévy process X, provided X(1) has density bounded away from zero over some neighborhood of the origin. We also provide a broad invariance result governing
a class independent-increment processes related to the domain of attraction of X(1). This breadth is particularly notable for two types of processes captured: First, it not only describes any partial sum
process built from iid summands in the domain of normal attraction of X(1), but also addresses those with arbitrary iid summands in the full domain of attraction (here we give a technical condition
necessary and sufficient for the partial sum process to share the exact LIL we prove for X). Second, it reveals that any Lévy process L such that L(1) satisfies the technical condition just mentioned will also share the LIL of X.
Supported in part by NSF Grant DMS 02-05034. 相似文献
159.
160.
Joshua N. Goldberg 《Foundations of Physics》1994,24(4):467-476
The canonical formalism for the Maxwell field on a null surface has been revisited. A new pair of gauge-independent canonical variables is introduced. It is shown that these variables are derivable from a Hamillon-Jacobi functional. The construction of the appropriate C
*
algebra is carried out in preparation for quantization. The resulting quantum theory is similar to a previous result. It is then shown that one can construct the T-variables of Rovelli and Smolin on the null surface. The Poisson bracket algebra exhibits causal relations along the null rays, but is nonsingular if the loops are restricted to those whose projections along the null rays are not tangent and one-to-one. Finally, there is a brief discussion of the relevance of this work to general relativity.It is a pleasure to dedicate this paper to Fritz Rohrlich who has been a collegue at Syracuse University for the past 30 years. We both came to Syracuse at the same time. Indeed, Fritz called me to induce me to do so at a time when I was still considering the move. I have never regretted following his lead. 相似文献