Optimization of locally resonant acoustic metamaterials on underwater sound absorption characteristics

The study of acoustic metamaterials, also known as locally resonant sonic materials, has recently focused on the topic of underwater sound absorption. The high absorption occurs only within a narrow frequency band around the locally resonant frequency. Nevertheless, this problem can be addressed through a combination of several acoustic metamaterial layers that have different resonant frequencies. In this paper, an optimization scheme, a genetic and a general nonlinear constrained algorithm, is utilized to enhance the low-frequency underwater sound absorption of an acoustic metamaterial slab with several layers. Both the physical and structural parameters of the acoustic metamaterial slab are optimized to enlarge the absorption band. In addition, the sound absorption mechanism of the acoustic metamaterial slab is also analyzed. The result shows that each layer is found to oscillate as a nearly independent unit at its corresponding resonant frequency. The theoretical and experimental results both demonstrate that the optimized metamaterial slab can achieve a broadband (800–2500 Hz) absorption of underwater sound, which is a helpful guidance on the design of anechoic coatings.     

基于Geo/Geo/1(E,SV)排队系统的均衡止步策略

基于单重休假Geo/Geo/1排队系统,研究顾客的均衡止步策略,首次将休假服务机制引入到离散时间排队经济学模型中. 顾客基于“收入--支出”结构,自主决定去留. 利用拟生灭过程理论,运用差分方程求解技巧,对系统进行了稳态分析,得到了顾客的平均逗留时间;进而构造适当的函数,给出了寻找均衡止步策略的具体方法并证明之;而后分析了在均衡策略下, 系统的稳态行为和社会收益;最后通过数值实验讨论了系统参数对均衡行为的影响.     

Analysis of absorption performances of anechoic layers with steel plate backing

Rubber layers with air-filled cavities or local resonance scatters can be used as anechoic coatings. A lot of researches have focused on the absorption mechanism of the anechoic coatings. As the anechoic coatings are bonded to the hull of submarine, the vibration of the hull should not be neglected when the analysis of the absorption characters is carried out. Therefore, it is more reasonable to treat the anechoic coating and the backing as a whole when the acoustic performance is analyzed. Considering the effects of the steel plate backing, the sound absorption performances on different models of anechoic coatings are investigated in this paper. The Finite Element Method is used to illustrate the vibrational behaviors of the anechoic coatings under the steel backings by which the displacement contours is obtained for analysis. The theoretical results show that an absorption peak is induced by the resonance of the steel slab and rubber layer. At the frequency of this absorption peak, the steel plate and the coating vibrates longitudinally like a mass-spring system in which the steel slab serves for mass and the coating layer is the spring. To illuminate the effects of the steel slab backing on the acoustic absorption, the thicknesses of the steel slab and the anechoic layer are discussed. Finally, an experiment is performed and the results show a good agreement with the theoretical analysis.     

岩体应力应变曲线转型的孔压效应与降雨滑坡的机制分析

从宏观与微观机制方面探讨了孔隙水压力对岩体脆－延性转变的影响。定义了一个峰后破坏割线模量Epost来表征孔隙水压力对岩体应力应变曲线转型的效应,并结合突变理论得到的斜坡失稳的刚度判据,进一步分析了孔隙水压力对应力应变曲线峰后斜率的影响,随孔隙水压力的增加,峰后曲线斜率变陡,峰后刚度增大,即材料的均匀性、脆性增大与刚度比k减小。因此在系统内部条件不变时,刚度比k=1时就存在一个临界孔隙水压力pwcritical,即降雨等涨落因素引起滑面介质中的孔隙水压力大于这个临界值时斜坡就易于发生突变失稳。从而深化认识了降雨等外部涨落因素对斜坡系统失稳的重要触发作用。     

膜结构找形方法——改进力密度法

在膜结构找形中,力密度法引入了"力密度"的概念,使问题简化.但力密度法需要多次试算后才能确定合适的力密度取值,很大程度上依赖个人经验,给找形过程带来一定困难.本文针对力密度法的找形过程进行改进,避开其中"力密度"的概念,直接引入膜面应力和索拉力作为初始条件,以节点不平衡力作为控制误差,避免了传统力密度法需要反复试算力密度取值的弊端,使找形计算过程简洁高效.据此编制找形程序,通过复杂算例验证了该算法的正确性和普适性.     

Contract Theory-Based Incentive Mechanism for Full Duplex Cooperative NOMA with SWIPT Communication Networks

Cooperative Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) with Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer (SWIPT) communication can not only effectively improve the spectrum efficiency and energy efficiency of wireless networks but also extend their coverage. An important design issue is to incentivize a full duplex (FD) relaying center user to participate in the cooperative process and achieve a win–win situation for both the base station (BS) and the center user. Some private information of the center users are hidden from the BS in the network. A contract theory-based incentive mechanism under this asymmetric information scenario is applied to incentivize the center user to join the cooperative communication to maximize the BS’s benefit utility and to guarantee the center user’s expected payoff. In this work, we propose a matching theory-based Gale–Shapley algorithm to obtain the optimal strategy with low computation complexity in the multi-user pairing scenario. Simulation results indicate that the network performance of the proposed FD cooperative NOMA and SWIPT communication is much better than the conventional NOMA communication, and the benefit utility of the BS with the stable match strategy is nearly close to the multi-user pairing scenario with complete channel state information (CSI), while the center users get the satisfied expected payoffs.     

混合显色剂H点标准加入法同时测定水中的Fe(Ⅱ)、Fe(Ⅲ)

建立H点标准加入法同时测定水中Fe(Ⅱ)和Fe(Ⅲ)的分光光度法。选择磺基水杨酸一邻菲罗啉混合显色剂作为显色体系,在合适的波长条件下,Fe(Ⅱ)与Fe(Ⅲ)的浓度比为1：15—10：1时均可以利用该方法同时准确测定Fe(Ⅱ)和Fe(Ⅲ)。对环境水样进行测定,测定结果的相对标准偏差为2．87％-4．57％,回收率为97．35％-104．50％。     

In原子在GaAs(001)表面的成核与扩散研究

近年来,半导体量子点特别是InAs量子点的基本物理性质和潜在应用得到了广泛研究。许多研究者利用InAs量子点结构的改变以调制其光电特性。本文采用液滴外延法在GaAs(001)表面沉积了不同沉积量的In(3 ML、4 ML、5 ML),以研究In的成核机制和表面扩散。实验发现,随着In沉积量的增加,液滴尺寸(包括直径、高度)明显增大。不仅如此,在相同的衬底温度下,沉积量越大,液滴密度越大。利用经典成核理论,计算了GaAs(001)表面In液滴形成的临界厚度为0.57 ML,计算的结果与已报道的实验一致。从In原子在表面的迁移和扩散,以及衬底中Ga和液滴中的In之间的原子互混原理解释了In液滴形成和形貌演化的机理。实验中得到的In液滴临界厚度以及In液滴在GaAs(001)上成核机理,可以为制备InAs量子点提供实验指导。     

湍流大气传输中跟踪抖动对远场影响的仿真研究

分析了跟踪抖动对湍流大气传输远场光斑的影响。基于麦克斯韦电磁场理论,采用大气相干长度对大气湍流进行描述,推导了发射光束因跟踪抖动导致光轴偏离的远场表达式。在此基础上,利用相位屏法模拟抖动引起的倾斜相位和大气折射率起伏引起的相位调制,并采用低频补偿的功率谱反演法对传输过程进行了数值仿真。分析了不同跟踪抖动、湍流强度条件下远场光斑质心脱靶量的变化,以及不同尺寸模拟目标的回波概率。分析结果表明,在传输距离为10 km时,强湍流造成的远场光斑脱靶量可达几十μrad;当跟踪抖动较大时,湍流强弱对脱靶量影响差别很小。最后,对一定尺寸的模拟目标,从探测回波概率的角度给出了发射系统跟踪抖动量的控制范围。     

电控聚合物分散液晶变焦全息透镜制作

介绍了相位型全息聚合物分散液晶(PDLC)材料全息透镜,在电场作用下液晶微滴折射率逐渐与聚合物折射率匹配,实现透镜电控变焦。研究了微米尺寸和纳米尺寸液晶微滴聚合物分散液晶材料配方特性和微观结构。采用优化纳米尺寸材料配方制作5~6μm聚合物分散液晶盒,采用离轴式平面波和球面波干涉全息写入光路,成功制作电控变焦聚合物分散液晶全息透镜样品。该透镜样品焦距为20 mm,能够正一级衍射放大成像。实现“0”,“1”变焦的驱动电压阈值为60 V。并进一步提出了基于聚合物分散液晶电控变焦元件集成叠加技术实现电控变焦光学成像系统的技术思路。