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51.
Polypeptide/inorganic hybrid copolymers were obtained by a four-step synthetic approach combining (i) atom transfer polymerization of tert-butyl acrylate, (ii) chemical modification of the bromo end groups of ATRP-polymers into primary amino group using Gabriel reaction, (iii) ring opening polymerization of Nε-trifluoroacetyl-l-lysine or γ-benzyl-l-glutamate N-carboxyanhydrides followed by (iv) the transamidification reaction using a large excess of (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane to substitute the tert-butyl groups of the poly(tert-butyl acrylate) block. Products were characterized using 1H NMR, FT-IR, DSC and MALDI-TOF MS. These techniques proved that polymerization of tert-butyl acrylate was controlled whatever the molecular weight targeted and that bromide was quantitatively converted to amino end group by a original method leading to the synthesis of copolymers in the presence of N-carboxyanhydrides as monomers. Amphiphilic polypeptide/inorganic hybrid copolymers were then achieved. 相似文献
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54.
Petkova V Benattar JJ Zoonens M Zito F Popot JL Polidori A Jasseron S Pucci B 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2007,23(8):4303-4309
The possibility of organizing detergent-solubilized membrane proteins in a plane within the core of Newton black films (NBFs) formed from fluorinated surfactants has been investigated. Fluorinated surfactants have the interesting characteristics of being poorly miscible with detergents and highly surface-active. As a result, when a membrane protein-the transmembrane domain of OmpA (tOmpA)-solubilized by the nonionic detergent C8E4 (tetraethylene glycol monooctyl ether) was injected under a monolayer of fluorinated surfactant, C8E4 and tOmpA/C8E4 complexes remained confined to the subphase. Vertical, macroscopic NBFs were drawn, and their structure was investigated by means of X-ray reflectivity. Depending on experimental conditions, the protein was shown to organize into either one or two monolayers stabilized by two monolayers of fluorinated surfactant. Two different mechanisms of protein insertion were investigated: (i) attachment of polyhistidine-tagged tOmpA/C8E4 complexes to nickel-bearing polar groups born by a fluorinated surfactant and (ii) spontaneous diffusion into the surfactant films. Possible applications are discussed. 相似文献
55.
We propose in this contribution to investigate the link between the dynamic gradient damage model and the classical Griffith’s theory of dynamic fracture during the crack propagation phase. To achieve this main objective, we first rigorously reformulate two-dimensional linear elastic dynamic fracture problems using variational methods and shape derivative techniques. The classical equation of motion governing a smoothly propagating crack tip follows by considering variations of a space-time action integral. We then give a variationally consistent framework of the dynamic gradient damage model. Owing to the analogies between the variational ingredients of these two models and under some basic assumptions concerning the damage band structuration, one obtains a generalized Griffith criterion which governs the crack tip evolution within the non-local damage model. Assuming further that the internal length is small compared to the dimension of the body, the previous criterion leads to the classical Griffith’s law through a separation of scales between the outer linear elastic domain and the inner damage process zone. 相似文献
56.
Fabien Joux Wade H. Jeffrey Maher Abboudi Jacques Neveux Mireille Pujo-Pay Louise Oriol Jean-Jacques Naudin 《Photochemistry and photobiology》2009,85(3):783-793
The high content in nutrients of freshwater outflows induces highly productive and buoyant plumes spreading over marine waters (MW). As a consequence, the growth of organisms developing in these low‐salinity waters (LSW) might be potentially affected by UV‐R (280–400 nm). This study investigated the penetration of UV‐R and its impact on net community production (NCP) and bacterial protein (BPROTS) and DNA (BDNAS) synthesis in mesotrophic‐LSW formed from the Rhône River and in oligotrophic MW of the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea (Gulf of Lions) in May 2006. High concentrations of chlorophyll a (up to 8 μg L?1) measured in the LSW (<37.8 psu, 0–10 m) were the main factor influencing the diffuse attenuation coefficients (Kd) of both UV‐R and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). The mean ratio of the Kd measured between the LSW and the MW increased with wavelength from 2.4 at 305 nm to 2.9 at 380 nm and 3.1 for PAR indicating more similarity in the UV region. NCP was severely inhibited by UV‐R at the surface of the LSW, whereas no effect was measured in the surrounding MW. In contrast, BPROTS and BDNAS were affected deeper by UV‐R in the MW (up to 8 m depth) compared to the LSW where inhibition was only observed at the surface. Differences in response of bacteria in LSW and MW are largely explained by differences in UV‐R transparency; however, transplant experiments indicate that bacterial assemblages from the MW were also more sensitive to UV‐R than those present in the LSW. We also observed that higher activity of bacteria after nutrient additions increased their sensitivity to UV‐R during the day, but favored their recovery during the night incubation period for both LSW and MW. Results suggest that riverine and nutrient inputs may alter the effects of UV‐R on microbial activity by attenuating the UV‐R penetration and by modifying the physiology of bacteria. 相似文献
57.
Jordan N Lomenech C Marmier N Giffaut E Ehrhardt JJ 《Journal of colloid and interface science》2009,329(1):17-23
Sorption of selenium(IV) and silicic acid onto magnetite (Fe(3)O(4)) was investigated in binary systems, with concentrations of silicic acid under the solubility limit of amorphous silica. Using the double diffuse layer model (DDLM), surface complexation constants of selenium(IV) and H(4)SiO(4) onto magnetite were extracted using Fiteql 4.0. Then, prediction curves of the sorption of selenium(IV) in the presence of silicic acid onto magnetite were obtained, using the calculated surface complexation constants. Finally, laboratory experiments were performed and showed a competition between selenium(IV) and silicic acid for the surface sites of magnetite. Experimental results matched the model predictions, confirming its ability to model qualitatively and quantitatively the ternary system. 相似文献
58.
Moussa Mbaye Mame Diabou Gaye Seye Atanasse Coly Alphonse Tine Jean-Jacques Aaron 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2009,394(4):1089-1098
The photochemically induced fluorescence (PIF) spectral properties of α-cypermethrin in organic solvents (hexane, dichloromethane,
acetonitrile, ethanol) and in cyclodextrin aqueous solutions (β-CD and 2-hydroxypropyl-β-CD, 2-HP-β-CD) were investigated.
The photolysis kinetics of α-cypermethrin were evaluated in the various media. The PIF signal was found to be significantly
enhanced in the CD media relative to the organic solvents. The stoichiometry and the formation constants of the α-cypermethrin
inclusion complexes formed with the CDs were determined. The analytical performances of the PIF method were improved in the
presence of HP-β-CD relative to the other media, and a CD-enhanced PIF analytical method was developed. The limits of detection
and limits of quantification ranged, respectively, between 6 and 98 ng/mL and between 24 and 343 ng/mL, depending on the medium.
Application to the analysis of tap water and Senegal natural water samples collected close to agricultural areas and spiked
with α-cypermethrin yielded satisfactory recoveries going from about 77% to 98%. An interference study of foreign species,
including pesticides and inorganic ions likely to be present in natural waters, was also carried out.
Figure Photolysis reaction of α-cypermethrin in presence of HP-β-CD 相似文献
59.
Thi Thu Van Nguyen Jean-Jacques Strodiot Van Hien Nguyen 《Journal of Global Optimization》2009,44(2):175-192
In this article we present a new and efficient method for solving equilibrium problems on polyhedra. The method is based on
an interior-quadratic proximal term which replaces the usual quadratic proximal term. This leads to an interior proximal type
algorithm. Each iteration consists in a prediction step followed by a correction step as in the extragradient method. In a
first algorithm each of these steps is obtained by solving an unconstrained minimization problem, while in a second algorithm
the correction step is replaced by an Armijo-backtracking linesearch followed by an hyperplane projection step. We prove that
our algorithms are convergent under mild assumptions: pseudomonotonicity for the two algorithms and a Lipschitz property for
the first one. Finally we present some numerical experiments to illustrate the behavior of the proposed algorithms. 相似文献
60.
Tailoring the porous hierarchy of titanium phosphates 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ren TZ Yuan ZY Azioune A Pireaux JJ Su BL 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2006,22(8):3886-3894
First hierarchical titanium phosphate (TiPO) materials with multiple porosities of different lengths (meso-macroporous and meso-macro-macroporous) were synthesized by the self-formation process. The further tuning of the porous hierarchy by using the poly(ethylene oxide) surfactant technique was demonstrated. The macroporous structure (50-160 nm in size) of TiPO with mesoporous walls could be self-formed in the absence of any templatable agents, including surfactant molecules. On the basis of spontaneous structurization, the addition of a small quantity of nonionic poly(ethylene oxide) surfactant (e.g., 5%) led to an improvement in macroporosity in abundance and in regularity with a slight enlargement in macropore sizes to 80-250 nm. Interestingly, a secondary, larger macropore system with parallel channels 500-1000 nm in size was generated when the synthesis was performed with moderately increasing the content of surfactant (10%), giving rise to an unprecedented trimodal meso-macro-macroporous structure. A uniform three-dimensional co-continuous macroporous structure with accessible wormhole-like mesoporous walls was synthesized by using the higher content of surfactants. This is a direct demonstration of tailoring the porous hierarchy of different lengths integrated in one solid body by fine-tuning the self-formation process and the participation of surfactant. The synthesized hierarchical titanium phosphates possess interesting optical and acidic properties, which should be significant for large application potential from catalysis and separation to electrochromic devices, fuel cells, and bioactive materials. 相似文献