On a property specific to the tent map

Let a set {X_λ; λ  Λ} of subspaces of a topological space X be a cover of X. Mathematical conditions are proposed for each subspace X_λ to define a map g_Xλ:X_λ→X which has the following property specific to the tent map known in the baker’s transformation. Namely, for any infinite sequence ω₀, ω₁, ω₂, … of X_λ, λ  Λ, we can find an initial point x₀  ω₀ such that g_ω0(x₀)ω₁,g_ω1(g_ω0(x₀))ω₂,…. The conditions are successfully applied to a closed cover of a weak self-similar set.     

Quinolone Analogs 14: Synthesis of Antimalarial 1‐Aryl‐3‐(4‐quinolon‐2‐yl)ureas and Related Compounds

The 4‐quinolone‐2‐carbohydrazide 6a was converted into 1‐aryl‐3‐(4‐quinolon‐2‐yl)ureas 5a , 5b , 5c , 5d , 5e , 1‐aryl‐3‐(4‐quinolon‐2‐yl)imidazolidine‐2,4‐diones 9a , 9b , and N‐(4‐quinolon‐2‐yl)carbamates 10a , 10b via 4‐quinolone‐2‐carbonylazide 7a . The 4‐methoxyquinoline‐2‐carbohydrazide 6b was also transformed into 1‐aryl‐3‐(4‐methoxyquinolin‐2‐yl)ureas 11a , 11b , 11c , 11d , 1‐aryl‐3‐(4‐methoxyquinolin‐2‐yl)imidazolidine‐2,4‐diones 12a , 12b , and N‐(4‐methoxyquinolin‐2‐yl)carbamates 13a , 13b via 4‐methoxyquinoline‐2‐carbonylazide 7b . Some of the 1‐aryl‐3‐(4‐quinolon‐2‐yl)ureas 5a , 5b , 5c , 5d , 5e showed the in vitro antimalarial activity to chloroquine‐resistant Plasmodium falciparum, wherein IC₅₀ was 0.93 to 4.00 μM.     

NO reduction by C3H6 over apatite-type A10(PO4)6(OH)2 (A?=?Ca and Sr)-supported Pt catalysts

A₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH)₂ (A = Ca and Sr)-supported Pt catalysts were prepared and their catalytic activity in NO reduction were investigated. The Sr₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH)₂-supported catalyst had high catalytic activity in the C₃H₆?CNO?CO₂ reaction; the activity was higher than that of the ??-Al₂O₃-supported catalyst at 300 °C. The basicity of the apatite supports would affect the chemical state of Pt on catalyst, resulting in promotion of NO reduction.     

Real-time measurements of protein dynamics using fluorescence activation-coupled protein labeling method

We present a fluorescence activation-coupled protein labeling (FAPL) method, which employs small-molecular probes that exhibit almost no basal fluorescence but acquire strong fluorescence upon covalent binding to tag-proteins. This method enables real-time imaging of protein labeling without any washout process and is uniquely suitable for real-time imaging of protein dynamics on the cell surface. We applied this method to address the spatiotemporal dynamics of the EGF receptor during cell migration.     

Photoemission study on the valence band of a β-FeSi2 thin film using synchrotron radiation

Resonant and constant-initial state photoemission spectroscopies using synchrotron radiation were applied to investigate the valence-band electronic structure of a semi-conducting β-type iron-disilicide (β-FeSi(2)) thin film. The results clearly indicated that the component elements, iron (Fe) and silicon (Si), contribute differently to the valence band features; the Fe 3d orbitals mainly concentrate in the top region of the valence band while the Si 3s and 3p orbitals spread over the wide region of the valence band. The β-FeSi(2) thin film showed a typical p-type semi-conducting nature with a work function of 4.78 eV. The β-FeSi(2) film showed the Fe M(1)VV Auger lines around the kinetic energy of 88 eV. It would be expected from these observations that there exist strong interactions between iron and silicon atoms in the β-FeSi(2) film resulting in orbital mixing and band formation.     

Semiconducting behavior of type-I Si clathrate K8Ga8Si38

A ternary type-I Si clathrate K(8)Ga(8)Si(38) has been revealed to be an indirect band gap semiconducting material with an energy gap (E(g)) of approximately 0.10 eV, which is much smaller than the calculated E(g) value that is 0.15 eV wider than E(g) of elemental Si with the diamond-type structure.     

Hydrogen spillover in Pt-single-walled carbon nanotube composites: formation of stable C-H bonds

Using in situ electrical conductivity and ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements, we have examined how the hydrogen uptake of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) is influenced by the addition of Pt nanoparticles. The conductivity of platinum-sputtered single-walled carbon nanotubes (Pt-SWNTs) during molecular hydrogen exposure decreased more rapidly than that of the corresponding pure SWNTs, which supports a hydrogenation mechanism facilitated by "spillover" of dissociated hydrogen from the Pt nanoparticles. C 1s XPS spectra indicate that the Pt-SWNTs store hydrogen by means of chemisorption, that is, covalent C-H bond formation: molecular hydrogen charging at elevated pressure (8.27 bar) and room temperature yielded Pt-SWNTs with up to 16 ± 1.5 at. % sp(3)-hybridized carbon atoms, which corresponds to a hydrogen-storage capacity of 1.2 wt % (excluding the weight of Pt nanoparticles). Pt-SWNTs prepared by the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique exhibited the highest Pt/SWNT ratio and also the best hydrogen uptake.     

Conformational reduction of DOPA in the gas phase studied by laser desorption supersonic jet laser spectroscopy

The conformational reduction in catecholamine neurotransmitters was studied by resonance enhanced multi photon ionization (REMPI), ultraviolet-ultraviolet (UV-UV) hole burning and infrared (IR) dip spectroscopy with applying a laser desorption supersonic jet technique to DOPA, which is one of the catecholamine neurotransmitters and has one more phenolic OH group than tyrosine. It is concluded that DOPA has a single observable conformer in the gas phase at low temperature. Quantum chemical calculations at several levels with or without the dispersion correction were also carried out to study stable conformations. From the comparison between the computational IR spectra and the experimental ones, the most stable structure was determined. It is strongly suggested that the conformational reduction is caused by electrostatic interactions, such as a dipole-dipole interaction, between the chain and OH groups.     

Changes in Hip and Knee Muscle Strength in Patients Following Total Hip Arthroplasty

Objective: To investigate changes in hip and knee muscle strength in patients before and after total hip arthroplasty (THA) in comparison with that in healthy adults. Methods: The study included 21 women who underwent unilateral THA (THA group) and 21 age-matched healthy women (healthy group). Maximal isometric strengths of hip flexors, extensors, and abductors, and knee extensors and flexors were measured before surgery and at 4 weeks and 6 months after surgery. Results: Before surgery, muscle strength on both sides, except for hip flexors on the uninvolved side, was significantly lower in the THA group than the corresponding muscle strength in the healthy group. Up to 6 months after THA, strength of all muscle groups on both sides was significantly improved compared with their preoperative status, although the knee extensor strength on the involved side temporarily worsened at 4 weeks. However, the strength of hip extensors and knee extensors on the involved side, and hip abductors on both sides in the THA group remained below that in the healthy group. Conclusions: Our results suggest that rehabilitation specialists should consider increasing the focus on the uninvolved side and encourage patients to continue strength training beyond 6 months after surgery.