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In the present paper, a nonlinear analysis is presented for response prediction of a low-velocity eccentric impact between a functionally graded rectangular plate and a rigid sphere or a projectile with a spherical nose. Some of the novelties of the present paper are (i) considering the more general case of eccentric impact, (ii) investigating effects of the initial in-plane loads on the impact responses of the functionally graded plates, especially for compressive loads that are comparable but not equal to the buckling loads, (iii) using a contact law that incorporates influences of the transverse variations of the material properties of the substrate layers and the plate thickness, and (iv) using nonlinear strain-displacement relations instead of using the traditional infinitesimal deformations assumption for assessment of influences of the initial preloads. Due to using von Karman strain-displacement relations and a nonlinear contact law, the governing equations are highly nonlinear. For this reason, an iterative solution scheme is employed. A sensitivity analysis is performed to investigate influences of the specifications of the plate and the indenter, the eccentric value, and the in-plane preloads on the indentation and force time histories. Results reveal that due to the resulting increase in the contact force, slightly higher damages may be expected for impacted FGM plates subjected to initial compressive in-plane loads. 相似文献
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For cosmic neutrinos we study the conditions and the effects of the coherence loss as well as coherent broadening of the spectrum. We evaluate the width of the neutrino wavepacket produced by charged particles under various circumstances: in an interaction-free environment, in a radiation-dominated medium (typical of the sources of the gamma ray bursts) and in the presence of a magnetic field. The effect of the magnetic field on the wavepacket size appears to be more important than the scattering. If the magnetic field at the source is larger than 10 Gauss, the coherence of neutrinos will be lost while traveling over cosmological distances. Various applications of these results have been considered. We find that for large magnetic fields (B>109 Gauss) and high energies (Eν>PeV), “coherent broadening” can modify the energy spectrum of neutrinos. In the coherent case, averaging out the oscillatory terms of the probabilities does not induce any statistical uncertainty beyond what expected in the absence of these terms. A deviation from the standard quantum mechanics that preserves average energy and unitarity cannot alter the picture. 相似文献
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Gerami Alireza Alzahid Yara Mostaghimi Peyman Kashaninejad Navid Kazemifar Farzan Amirian Tammy Mosavat Nader Ebrahimi Warkiani Majid Armstrong Ryan T. 《Transport in Porous Media》2019,130(1):277-304
Transport in Porous Media - No matter how sophisticated the structures are and on what length scale the pore sizes are, fluid displacement in porous media can be visualized, captured, mimicked and... 相似文献
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Majeed Aaqib Zeeshan Ahmad Noori Farzan Majeed 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2020,140(5):2357-2367
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - In the present article, an analysis has been performed to discuss the impact of steady mixed convection with Darcy–Forchheimer flow towards... 相似文献
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In this paper, a theoretical model based on geometrical optics has been developed to analyze the light intensity pattern of
Shadowgraph pictures of spherical flames. The theoretical results have been compared with experimental measurement of light
intensity profiles across the flame front using commercially available image processing software. These results are in good
agreement. The theory predicts that the sudden change of light intensity from dark to bright does not coincide with the flame
edge unless the flame thickness is negligible. Experimental results agree very well with the theoretical predictions. 相似文献