Electrochemical oxidation of catechol in the presence of cyclopentadiene. Investigation of electrochemically induced Diels-Alder reactions

We describe the synthesis and kinetic evaluation of compounds from [4 + 2] alone and [4 + 2] followed by [2 + 2] cycloaddition reactions of electrochemically generated o-benzoquinone with 1,3-cyclopentadiene.     

Hollow Multi‐Shelled Structural TiO2−x with Multiple Spatial Confinement for Long‐Life Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

TiO_2?x with well‐controlled hollow multi‐shelled structures (HoMSs) were designed and synthesized, via a sequential templating approach (STA), to act as sulfur carrier materials. They were explored as physico‐chemical encapsulation materials. Particularly, the sulfur cathode based on triple‐shelled TiO_2?x HoMSs delivered a specific capacity of 903 mAh g^?1 with a capacity retention of 79 % at 0.5 C and a Coulombic efficiency of 97.5 % over 1000 cycles. The outstanding electrochemical performance is attributed to better spatial confinement and integrated conductivity of the intact triple‐shell that combine the features of physico‐chemical adsorption, short charge transfer path along with mechanical strength.     

Development of Sulfonic-Acid-Functionalized Mesoporous Materials: Synthesis and Catalytic Applications

Sulfonic acid based mesostructures (SAMs) have been developed in recent years and have important catalytic applications. The primary applications of these materials are in various organic synthesis reactions, such as multicomponent reactions, carbon–carbon bond couplings, protection reactions, and Fries and Beckman rearrangements. This review aims to provide an overview of the recent developments in the field of SAMs with a particular emphasis on the reaction scope and advantages of heterogeneous solid acid catalysts.     

Torsional vibration of functionally graded nano-rod under magnetic field supported by a generalized torsional foundation based on nonlocal elasticity theory

Abstract

This article contains the nonlocal elasticity theory to capture size effects in functionally graded (FG) nano-rod under magnetic field supported by a torsional foundation. Torque effect of an axial magnetic field on an FG nano-rod has been defined using Maxwell’s relation. The material properties were assumed to vary according to the power law in radial direction. The Navier equation and boundary conditions of the size-dependent FG nano-rod were derived by the Hamilton’s principle. These equations were solved by employing the generalized differential quadrature method (GDQM). Presented model has the ability to turn into the classical model if the material length scale parameter is taken to be zero. The effects of some parameters, such as inhomogeneity constant, magnetic field and small-scale parameter, were studied. As an important result of this study can be stated that an FG nano-rod model based on the nonlocal elasticity theory behaves softer and has smaller natural frequency.     

A mesoporous silica/fluorinated alcohol adduct: an efficient metal-free,three-component synthesis of indazolophthalazinetrione heterocycles using a reusable nanoporous/trifluoroethanol adduct (SBA-15/TFE)

The channels of mesoporous (SBA-15) represent a straightforward reactor for the rapid synthesis of indazolophthalazinetrione skeletons via three-component coupling reactions in 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol. The solid SBA-15 and TFE could be recovered and reused. The present method carries the advantage of being performed under neutral conditions and requires no activation or modification of the substrates.     

An efficient electrochemical synthesis of diamino-o-benzoquinone: mechanistic and kinetic evaluation of the reaction of azide ion with o-benzoquinone

An efficient method for the synthesis of diamino-o-benzoquinone based on the Michael reaction of electrochemically generated o-benzoquinone with azide ion is described, as well as an estimation of the homogeneous rate constant (k(obs)) of the reaction of o-benzoquinone with azide ion by the digital-simulation method.     

二维纳米片组成的花状铁醇盐及其微纳结构三氧化二铁衍生物的储锂性能

Fe₂O₃作为锂电池负极材料具有诸多优点,但其较低的本征电导率和充放电循环过程中材料粉化使得其电化学储锂性能有待改善。 本文以具有花状微纳结构的铁醇盐为反应中间体,在空气气氛下烧结制备出具有花状微纳结构的铁基负极材料Fe₂O₃。 纳米花状的铁醇盐可以在低烧结温度下转化为目标产物,从而使得产物能够保持中间体的形貌。 300 ℃热处理条件下,所得样品在电流密度为200 mA/g时首次放电比容量为1360 mA·h/g,循环100次后的容量仍然达到515.6 mA·h/g;相比之下,450和800 ℃热处理所得样品100次循环后,比容量分别为247.6和206.7 mA·h/g。 微纳结构在增加材料的活性的同时,也能够抑制材料的粉化现象,因而所制得的材料表现出较大的比容量和良好的循环性能,为解决Fe₂O₃负极材料循环性能差的问题提供了思路。     

Removal of divalent nickel cations from aqueous solution by multi-walled carbon nano tubes: equilibrium and kinetic processes

Release of heavy metals into water as a result of industrial activity may pose a serious threat to the environment. In this study, the potential of multi-walled carbon nano tubes (MWCNT) to remove Ni²⁺ cations from aqueous solutions was investigated in a batch reactor under different experimental conditions. The effects on the removal process of conditions such as initial concentration of Ni²⁺ ions, temperature, and adsorbent mass were investigated. Nickel uptake was quantitatively evaluated by use of the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin?CKaganer?CRadushkevich isotherm models. For 20?mg/L initial Ni²⁺ cation concentration, adsorption capacity increased from 8.12 to 11.75?mg/g when the temperature was increased from 25 to 65?°C, an indication of the endothermic nature of adsorption process. In addition, the adsorption equilibrium was well described by the Langmuir isotherm model; maximum adsorption capacity was 17.86?mg/g Ni²⁺ cations on HNO₃-treated MWCNT (t-MWCNT). The results obtained in this study show that adsorption of Ni²⁺ on t-MWCNT is a spontaneous and endothermic process. By use of second-order kinetic constants and the Arrhenius equation, the activation energy of adsorption (E _a) was determined as 5.56?kJ?mol^?1.     

Reaction of N‐(phenyl and methyl)‐C‐arylnitrones with DMAD in ionic liquid: Efficient synthesis of Δ4‐isoxazolines

Facile synthesis of N‐(methyl and phenyl)‐Δ⁴‐isoxazolines via the reaction of (Z)‐N‐(methyl and phenyl)‐C‐arylnitrones with dimethyl acethylenedicarboxylate, DMAD, in ionic liquid is described. (Z)‐N‐methyl‐C‐arylnitrones afforded the high yield of N‐methyl‐Δ⁴‐isoxazolines 4a , 4b , 4c , 4d , 4e in ionic liquid, [bmim]BF₄, at room temperature. However, the reaction of (Z)‐N‐phenyl‐C‐arylnitrones with DMAD afforded the mixtures of cis and trans isomers of related N‐phenyl‐Δ⁴‐isoxazolines ( 5a , 5b , 5c , 5d , 5e , 5f , 5g , 5h , 5i , 5j , 6a , 6b , 6c , 6d , 6e , 6f , 6g , 6h , 6i , 6j ) under these conditions. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2012).     

Fluorimetric determination of iron(III) by quenching the luminescence of the zinc-morin-Triton X-100 system

Summary Simple and highly sensitive fluorimetric methods for iron determination are described. The methods are based on quenching the fluorescence of an aqueous morin solution or zinc-morin-Triton X-100 ternary system. The fluorescence emission is measured at 500 and 503 nm (wavelength of excitation 420 and 433 nm) for morin and the ternary system, respectively. The quenching calibration graphs are linear over the range 0–250 and 0–55 ng Fe/ml and the iron detection limits are 20 and 5 ng/ml using morin and zinc-morin-Triton X-100 system, respectively. The influence of experimental variables such as pH, reagent and surfactant concentrations, temperature, standing time and diverse ions are studied to obtain the optimum conditions. The method has been applied to the determination of iron in aluminium metal.

---

Fluorimetrische Eisen(III)-bestimmung durch Luminescenzlöschung des Systems Zink-Morin-Triton X-100