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131.
Baker CD Fawcett J Insley CD Messenger DS Newland CL Overend HL Patel AB Shah M Vara B Virdee D Rawlings BJ 《Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)》2005,(14):1883-1885
6-Benzoyl-3,4-dihydro-(2H)-pyran will protect 1,2,3-triols such as glycerol as their corresponding spiro-[5-phenyl-3,6,8-trioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-4,2[prime or minute]-tetrahydropyran]s and 1,2,4-triols (less efficiently) as the corresponding trioxabicyclo[3.2.2]nonanes; the hexol mannitol is converted into the corresponding bis-protected product. 相似文献
132.
Don?A.?GrundelEmail author Panos?M.?Pardalos 《Computational Optimization and Applications》2005,30(2):133-146
The multidimensional assignment problem (MAPs) is a higher dimensional version of the standard linear assignment problem. Test problems of known solution are useful in exercising solution methods. A method of generating an axial MAP of controllable size with a known unique solution is presented. Certain characteristics of the generated MAPs that determine realism and difficulty are investigated. 相似文献
133.
Dedication
Willem J. Blok 1947–2003 相似文献134.
135.
The relationship between the closed-shell repulsive interactions and overlap of the electron densities is investigated. It is found that the repulsive interactions vary in almost direct proportion to the absolute size of the density overlaps. 相似文献
136.
The measurement of Auger currents and their associated peak to peak heights from the first derivative spectra has provided the basis for an analysis of the various stages of nitric oxide absorption onto a W(110) surface at room temperature. This chemisorption system is a test case for the method since the nitrogen and oxygen KLL Auger spectra in first derivative form look similar at all stages of adsorption. The results indicate that the method is sensitive to chemical changes in the adsorbate to an extent comparable with XPS. 相似文献
137.
Froimowitz Mark Wu Kuo-Ming George Clifford VanDerveer Don Shi Qing Deutsch Howard M. 《Structural chemistry》1998,9(4):295-303
The crystal structures of the chloride salts of five analogs of threo-methylphenidate have been obtained. Four of these have different substituents on the phenyl ring while the fifth is the ethyl ester of methylphenidate. All five structures have similar three-dimensional conformations and these are compared with the global minimum obtained by MM2-87 calculations. There is good agreement between the crystal structures and the computed global minimum with the major difference being the presence of a chloride counterion in the crystal structures that prevents the carbonyl oxygen from approaching the equatorial ammonium hydrogen as closely as in the computed global minimum. 相似文献
138.
Jae Hyoung Ryu S. Chandramohan Hee Yun Kim Hyun Kyu Kim Ji Hye Kang Chang-Hee Hong Hyun Kyong Cho Hyun Don Song Ho-Ki Kwon 《Journal of Crystal Growth》2011,314(1):66-70
The effect of selective area growth (SAG) on wafer bowing of GaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is investigated. The SAG of LED structures was carried out on a silicon dioxide (SiO2) mask pattern with periodic 1000×1000 μm openings, along the sapphire 〈1?1 0 0〉 and 〈?1?1 2 0〉 directions. The morphology of a selectively-grown n-GaN epilayer was examined in relation to various growth parameters such as temperature, pressure, and V/III ratio. Under optimized growth conditions, formation of a ridge-shaped epilayer with a v-pit free smooth surface was realized. Furthermore, the ridge-shaped vertical LED structure, after the removal of the sapphire substrate by laser lift-off (LLO) showed less wafer bowing compared with conventional vertical LED structures. This is attributed to the suppression of lateral strain and dislocations during the site-selective growth process, due to a reduction in the lateral dimensions. 相似文献
139.
Feng-Hsi Huang Ching-Chung Chen Dar-Jong Lin Trong-Ming Don Liao-Ping Cheng 《Journal of nanoparticle research》2010,12(8):2941-2950
A series of photochromic phosphotungstic acid (PWA)/SiO2 composites were synthesized using the sol-gel method. Depending on the feeding schedule of PWA during synthesis, the size of the formed PWA/SiO2 particles varied considerably from as small as 1.2 nm to ca. 10 nm. With decreasing silica particle size, the total contact area/interaction between SiO2 and PWA increases, as revealed by FT-IR and solid-state 29Si-NMR analyses. Particularly, when the size of PWA/SiO2 is ~1 nm, crystallization of PWA is inhibited, and PWA presents as amorphous molecular entities distributing uniformly in the SiO2 host, which is in evidence in the XRD spectroscopy and HR-TEM imaging. In contrast, substantial crystallization of PWA takes place when PWA/SiO2 particles are as large as 10 nm, in which case less amount of surface free Si-OH is available for PWA to make bonds with. Photochromism occurs activated by ultraviolet light irradiation. The rate of coloration/bleaching is found to depend strongly on the particle size of PWA/SiO2; specifically, the rate increases twice when the particle size is reduced from 10 nm to 1.2 nm. 相似文献
140.
Don Coppersmith Nick Howgrave-Graham Phong Q. NguyêÜn Igor E. Shparlinski 《Journal of Discrete Algorithms》2006,4(2):324-335
Given two k element subsets , we give a quasi-linear algorithm to either find such that S=λT or prove that no such λ exists.This question is closely related to isomorphism testing of circulant graphs and has recently been studied in the literature. 相似文献