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121.
TiO 2 nanorods have been successfully grown into a track-etched polycarbonate (PC) membrane by a particulate sol-electrophoretic deposition from an aqueous medium.The prepared sols had a narrow particle size distribution around 17 nm and excellent stability against aging,with zeta potentials in the range of 47-50 mV at pH 2.It was found that TiO 2 nanorods were grown from dilute aqueous sol with a low,0.1-M concentration.Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis confirmed that a full conversi... 相似文献
122.
123.
We prove that the locally perturbedXY model returns to equilibrium under the unperturbed evolution but the unperturbed model does not necessarily approach equilibrium under the perturbed evolution. In fact this latter property is false for perturbation by a local magnetization. The failure is directly attributable to the formation of bound states. If the perturbation is quadratic these problems are reduced to spectral analysis of the one-particle Hamiltonian. We demonstrate that the perturbed Hamiltonian has a finite set of eigenvalues of finite multiplicity together with some absolutely continuous spectrum. Eigenvalues can occur in the continuum if, and only if, the perturbation dislocates the system. Singular continuous spectrum cannot occur. 相似文献
124.
An intersection representation of a graph is a function gf mapping vertices to sets such that for any u ≠ v, u is adjacent to v iff gf(u) ∩ gf(v) ≠ . The intersection class defined by a set of sets ∑ is the set of all graphs having an intersection representation using sets from ∑. Interval graphs and chordal graphs are well-studied examples of intersection classes.
This paper introduces the notion of completeness for intersection classes. That is, determining precisely what restrictions can be made on the allowable sets without losing the power to represent any graph in the intersection class. The solution to this problem is presented for the chordal graphs. 相似文献
125.
Felix Weinberg Fred Carleton Dhiren Kara Agatha Xavier Derek Dunn-Rankin Matthew Rickard 《Experiments in fluids》2006,40(2):231-237
Air induction and rotation about the axis of a vertical tube is generated by an assembly of corona discharges between pinpoints
and earthed electrodes, which induces a swirling ionic wind. The mechanism is elucidated and the geometrical configuration
of the electric field lines of force is optimised by studying the deposition of charged particles on the earth electrodes,
by numerical modelling of a simplified geometry and ultimately by maximising the measured tangential velocities. Upward convective
flows of up to a litre per second are provided by an additional ionic wind pump at the base of the tube. With assemblies of
up to three layers of six points each, tangential velocities of up to 3.3 m/s (≈900 rpm) are attained at the periphery, as
recorded by small Pitot tubes. The concept, developed particularly for microgravity environments, appears suitable for adding
a substantial centrifugal contribution to the operation of electrostatic precipitators and as a basis for further progress
on electrical field-controlled burners. 相似文献
126.
Yukiko Furuhashi Pawel Sikorski Edward Atkins Tadahisa Iwata Yoshiharu Doi 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2001,39(21):2622-2634
Poly(δ‐valerolactone) (PVL) crystals in the form of chain‐folded lamellae were prepared by isothermal crystallization from a 2‐methylbutane‐2‐ol solution. Wide‐angle and small‐angle X‐ray diffraction data, obtained from PVL lamellae sedimented to form oriented mats, were supplemented with morphological and structural data from electron microscopy, both imaging and diffraction. The diffraction signals index on an orthorhombic unit cell with the parameters a = 0.747 ± 0.002 nm, b = 0.502 ± 0.002 nm, and c (chain axis) = 0.742 ± 0.002 nm. Similar unit cell parameters were obtained from crystals grown from 1‐octanol and also from drawn melt‐pressed films. The evidence supports a model containing two antiparallel chain segments in the unit cell. The c value of 0.742 nm is appropriate for an all‐trans or onefold helical backbone conformation for the straight stems. Possible slight perturbations at the ester units from the all‐trans backbone conformation are discussed. Computerized modeling was used to optimize the adjacent‐reentry folded structure. The setting angles, with respect to the a axis, are ±58° for the corner and center chains. The lamellae are 7.26 ± 0.05 nm thick, and the chains run orthogonal to the lamellar surface. The chains fold in the diagonal (110) and (11¯0) planes in an alternating fashion. The X‐ray diffraction data suggest that a proportion of adjacent paired antiparallel entities, or hairpin units, are c‐axis‐sheared, and a relationship to the results obtained from drawn films is discussed. A brief comparison is also made with related polymer structures. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 39: 2622–2634, 2001 相似文献
127.
J. L. MacManus Derek J. Fray Jan E. Evetts 《Physica C: Superconductivity and its Applications》1992,190(4):511-521
By undertaking AC electrochemical impedance experiments on yttria stabilised zirconia electrolytes with polished Y1Ba2Cu3O7−x electrodes, the activation energy for oxygen ion transport within the bulk of Y1Ba2Cu3O7−x, in air, over the temperature range 823 K–1043 K, was determined to be 1.50 ± 0.05 eV. At 1000 K the oxygen ionic conductivity was calculated to be around one order of magnitude lower than that in yttria stabilised zirconia. Typical calculated values were σ=5×10−5 (ω cm)−1 and 6×10−3 (ω cm)−1 at the respective temperatures 823 K and 1043 K. By employing a similar cell but with Y1Ba2Cu3O7−x paste electrodes, oxygen transfer between the Y1Ba2Cu3O7−x and the electrolyte was found to occur via a surface diffusional processes. Over the temperature range 873 K–1098 K, in air, the activation energy for in-diffusion at the surface was found to be 1.4±0.1 eV and that for out-diffusion at the surface to be 1.76±0.05 eV. 相似文献
128.
129.
Ki-perfect graphs are a special instance of F - G perfect graphs, where F and G are fixed graphs with F a partial subgraph of G. Given S, a collection of G-subgraphs of graph K, an F - G cover of S is a set of T of F-subgraphs of K such that each subgraph in S contains as a subgraph a member of T. An F - G packing of S is a subcollection S′? S such that no two subgraphs in S′ have an F-subgraph in common. K is F - G perfect if for all such S, the minimum cardinality of an F - G cover of S equals the maximum cardinality of an F - G packing of S. Thus Ki-perfect graphs are precisely Ki-1 - Ki perfect graphs. We develop a hypergraph characterization of F - G perfect graphs that leads to an alternate proof of previous results on Ki-perfect graphs as well as to a characterization of F - G perfect graphs for other instances of F and G. 相似文献
130.
ChungLimLaw SitiMasrindaTasirin WanRamliWan DerekGeldart 《中国颗粒学报》2003,1(3):115-118
This study reports the effect of vertical baffles on the group D powder mixing and drying characteristics in a batch fluidized bed dryer. Results obtained in this study showed that operating the fluidized bed dryer with vertical baffles gave better particle mixing. This is due to the fact that the vertical baffles acted to limit the growth of small bubbles into large bubbles and the small bubbles caused more vigorous mixing in the bed of particles before finally erupting at the bed surface. Thus, insertion of vertical baffles is a useful way to process group D particles in a fluidized bed, especially when the fluidized bed is large. 相似文献