Restructuring ordered binary trees

We consider the problem of restructuring an ordered binary tree T, preserving the in-order sequence of its nodes, so as to reduce its height to some target value h. Such a restructuring necessarily involves the downward displacement of some of the nodes of T. Our results, focusing both on the maximum displacement over all nodes and on the maximum displacement over leaves only, provide (i) an explicit tradeoff between the worst-case displacement and the height restriction (including a family of trees that exhibit the worst-case displacements) and (ii) efficient algorithms to achieve height-restricted restructuring while minimizing the maximum node displacement.     

Block transitive Steiner systems with more than one point orbit

For all ‘reasonable’ finite t, k, and s, we construct a t‐(?₀, k, 1) design and a group of automorphisms which is transitive on blocks and has s orbits on points. In particular, there is a 2‐(?0, 4, 1) design with a block‐transitive group of automorphisms having two point orbits. This answers a question of P. J. Cameron and C. E. Praeger. The construction is presented in a purely combinatorial way, but is a by‐product of a new way of looking at a model‐theoretic construction of E. Hrushovski. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Letter: Causality Violating Geodesics in Bonnor's Rotating Dust Metric

We exhibit timelike geodesic paths for a metric, introduced by Bonnor [11] and considered also by Steadman [13], and show that coordinate time runs backward along a portion of these geodesics.     

π1-classification of real arrangements with up to eight lines

One of the open questions in the geometry of line arrangements is to what extent does the incidence lattice of an arrangement determine its fundamental group. Line arrangements of up to 6 lines were recently classified by K.M. Fan (Michigan Math. J. 44(2) (1997) 283), and it turns out that the incidence lattice of such arrangements determines the projective fundamental group. We use actions on the set of wiring diagrams, introduced in (Garber et al. (J. Knot Theory Ramf.), to classify real arrangements of up to 8 lines. In particular, we show that the incidence lattice of such arrangements determines both the affine and the projective fundamental groups.     

Synthese und Eigenschaften von Sr3Mo1.5Zn0.5O7‐δ, einer Phase mit perowskitverwandter Schichtstruktur

Synthesis and Properties of the Layered Perovskite Phase Sr₃Mo_1.5Zn_0.5O_7‐δ The new layered perovskite phase Sr₃Mo_1.5Zn_0.5O_7‐δ was synthesized by solid state reaction using a Zn/ZnO oxygen buffer. The crystal structure was refined from X‐ray powder pattern by the Rietveld method. The compound crystallizes tetragonal in the space group I4/mmm (no. 139) with the lattice parameters a = 3.9631(3) Å, c = 20.583(1) Å. An oxygen deficiency corresponding to δ ≈ 0.25 was determinated, indicating the presence of molybdenum in mixed valence (Mo⁴⁺ and Mo⁶⁺).     

Identifying several biased coins encountered by a hidden random walk

Suppose that attached to each site z ∈ ? is a coin with bias θ(z), and only finitely many of these coins have nonzero bias. Allow a simple random walker to generate observations by tossing, at each move, the coin attached to its current position. Then we can determine the biases {θ(z)}_z∈?, using only the outcomes of these coin tosses and no information about the path of the random walker, up to a shift and reflection of ?. This generalizes a result of Harris and Keane. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2004     

catena‐Poly[tetra­kis(3‐phenyl­propyl­ammonium) [iodo­plumbate(II)‐tri‐μ‐iodo‐plumbate(II)‐tri‐μ‐iodo‐iodo­plumbate(II)‐di‐μ‐iodo]]

The title compound, {(C₉H₁₄N)₄[Pb₃I₁₀]}_n, crystallizes as an organic–inorganic hybrid. As such, the structure consists of a two‐dimensional inorganic layer of [Pb₃I₁₀]_n⁴ⁿ⁻ ions extending along [100]. The asymmetric unit contains two independent Pb atoms, viz. one in a general position and the other on an inversion centre. Each Pb atom is octa­hedrally coordinated by six iodide ions and exhibits both face‐ and corner‐sharing with adjacent atoms in the inorganic layer. These anionic layers alternate with 3‐phenyl­propyl­ammonium cations, which hydrogen bond to the iodides. Simple face‐to‐edge σ–π stacking inter­actions are observed between the aromatic rings that stabilize the overall three‐dimensional structure. This net structure has only been observed five times previously.     

Romanovski polynomials in selected physics problems

We briefly review the five possible real polynomial solutions of hypergeometric differential equations. Three of them are the well known classical orthogonal polynomials, but the other two are different with respect to their orthogonality properties. We then focus on the family of polynomials which exhibits a finite orthogonality. This family, to be referred to as the Romanovski polynomials, is required in exact solutions of several physics problems ranging from quantum mechanics and quark physics to random matrix theory. It appears timely to draw attention to it by the present study. Our survey also includes several new observations on the orthogonality properties of the Romanovski polynomials and new developments from their Rodrigues formula.     

Identification,synthesis and conformational study of a CN(R,S) synthon by-product: (5R, 10R)-5,10-diphenyl-1,6-diaza-3,8-dioxabicyclo[4.4.1]undecane

The title compound, containing a new heterocyclic skeleton, was identified by X-ray crystallography as the product of condensation of (R)-phenylglycinol with an excess of formaldehyde. The molecule adopts a rigid double twist-chair conformation in both solid and solution states.