Kinetik und stereochemischer Verlauf der thermischen Umlagerung der vier stereoisomeren Propenyl-(but-2′-enyl)-äther

The gas-phase rearrangement of (1Z, 2′E)-, (1Z, 2′Z)-, (1E, 2′E)-, and (1E, 2′Z)- propenyl but-2′-enyl ether (Z, E)-, (Z, Z)-, (E, E)-, and (E, Z)-1) into erythro- and threo-2, 3-dimethyl-pent-4-en-al (erythro- and threo-2) was investigated over a temperature range from 142,5° to 190,0° at 20–35 Torr (for kinetic data and activation parameters see table 2). All four stereoisomeric ethers 1 rearrange preferentially via a chair-like transition state C into the aldehydes 2 (ΔΔG^≠ (160°) = 2,5–2,7 kcal/mol for B – C (B = boat-like transition state). The relative rates (k_rel) for (Z, Z)-1, (Z, E)-1, (E,Z)-1, and (E,E)-1 at 160° are 1,0, 2,9, 4,3 and 9,0 respectively (see table 5). Taking into account the relative enthalpies of the ethers 1 and the steric interaction in the C transition state of the ethers 1 (see table 6), k_rel values can be estimated. They are in good agreement with those observed (see table 5).     

Expedient synthesis of substituted imidazoles from nitriles

Expedient and practical new methodology for the synthesis of substituted imidazoles was developed to provide a rapid access to a variety of 2-substituted, 1,2-disubstituted and 1,2,4-trisubstituted imidazoles by the direct CuCl-mediated reaction of nitriles with α-amino acetals in an intermolecular as well as intramolecular fashion.     

Synthese und Kristallstruktur von Blei(II)‐oxidhalogenid‐Alkoholaten mit unterschiedlichen Verknüpfungsvarianten von Pb4O4‐Heterokubaneinheiten

Synthesis and Crystal Structure Determination of Lead(II) Oxide Halide Alcoholates with Different Connectivity of Pb₄O₄ Heterocubane‐like Subunits The reaction of red lead(II) oxide (Litharge) and lead(II) halide (Cl^? and Br^?) with diethylene glycole at a temperature of 180 °C leads to the isotypic compounds [Pb₆(C₄H₈O₃)O₂Cl₆] (1) and [Pb₆(C₄H₈O₃)O₂Br₆] (2) . In a similar synthesis with PbI₂ as educt at temperature of 160 °C the two modifications β‐[Pb₆(C₄H₈O₃)O₂I₆] (3) and α‐[Pb₆(C₄H₈O₃)O₂I₆] (4) were found, whereas at a reaction temperature of 180 °C [Pb₉(C₂H₄O₂)(C₄H₈O₃)O₃I₈] (5) was surprisingly obtained as product. The X‐ray diffraction data show that at a temperature of 180 °C a splitting of the ether took place. The cited compounds show cubane like subunits built by lead and oxygen atoms. These fragments are connected by alkoholate molecules. In 5 additionally an I₆ octahedra centered by lead is observed.     

Synthese und Fluoreszenzeigenschaften von cyansubstituierten 2-Aminopyridinen

The synthesis of several 2-aminopyridines is described. The reaction of tetracyanoethylene with 3-imino-propane-carbonitrile gives 2-amino-3,4,5-tricyano-pyridines with alkyl and aryl-substituents, resp., in position 6. Nucleophilic substitution of 2-amino-6-chloro-3,5-dicyanopyridines and 2-amino-6-chloro-3,4,5-tricyano-pyridines with phenolates leads to a variety of pyridines. Spectroscopical data of absorption and fluorescence are presented and the influence of the cyano groups is discussed. The results are in good agreement with quantum chemical calculations (PPP).

Herrn Univ-Prof. Dr.A. Holasek zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet.     

The CeO(2)(+) Cation: Gas-Phase Reactivity and Electronic Structure

"Bare" CeO(2)(+) ions can be prepared in the gas phase by consecutive oxidation of Ce(+) with O(2) and NO(2). The ability to activate saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons is investigated by use of Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. In the reactions of CeO(2)(+) with linear and branched alkanes C-H bond activation is observed almost exclusively. In contrast, both oxygen-atom transfer and C-H bond activation processes occur when thermalized CeO(2)(+) cations react with simple alkenes and aromatic compounds. C-C bond activation is not observed at all. Insight into the structural and electronic properties of neutral CeO(2) and cationic CeO(2)(+) is provided by means of quasirelativistic density-functional and ab initio pseudopotential calculations. They reveal a (2)Sigma(u)(+) ground state for CeO(2)(+) which is best described as a linear cerium dioxide with a resonating pi bond. Finally, we discuss the influence of oxo ligands on the chemistry of the cationic CeO(n)()(+) (n = 0-2) species toward hydrocarbons.     

Etorphine‐Related Ferrocenyl‐Substituted Morphinan Alkaloids

The two diastereoisomeric ferrocenyl‐substituted orvinols 2 and 3 were prepared. The modified alkaloids are still able to interact with opioid receptors (see Table). The ferrocene moiety allows highly selective and sensitive electrochemical detection. The X‐ray crystal structure of the major isomer 2 was determined. The combination of a metallocene and a morphinan alkaloid holds promise for useful antitumor activity.