Fluorescence Signal Amplification Strategies Based on DNA Nanotechnology for miRNA Detection

In this review,the most recent progresses in the field of fluorescence signal amplification strategies based on DNA nanotechnology for miRNA are summarized.The types of signal amplification are given and the principles of amplification strategies are explained,including rolling circle amplification(RCA),catalytic hairpin assembly(CHA),hybridization chain reaction(HCR)and DNA walker.Subsequently,the application of these signal amplification methods in biosensing and bioimaging are covered and described.Finally,the challenges and the outlook of fluorescence signal amplification methods for miRNA detection are briefly commented.     

Recent Progress on Two-dimensional Electrocatalysis

Due to their unique electronic and structural properties triggered by high atomic utilization and easy surface modification, two-dimensional(2D) materials have prodigious potential in electrocatalysis for energy conversion technology in recent years. In this review, we discuss the recent progress on two-dimensional nanomaterials for electrocatalysis. Five categories including metals, transition metal compounds, non-metal, metal-organic framework and other emerging 2D nanomaterials are successively introduced. Finally, the challenges and future development directions of 2D materials for electrocatalysis are also prospected. We hope this review may be helpful for guiding the design and application of 2D nanomaterials in energy conversion technologies.     

Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols to Aldehydes and Ketones with Recyclable Pd Catalysts on Cross-linked 1,10-Phenanthroline Polymers

A 1,10-phenanthroline based polymer named PPPhen(i.e., polymer from pyrene 1,10-phenanthrolin) was prepared by the Friedel-Crafts reaction of 1,10-phenanthroline and pyrene cross-linked with dimethoxymethane. The related Pd catalyst Pd@PPPhen was prepared by supporting Pd nanoparticles(NPs) on the PPPhen material. PPPhen and Pd@PPPhen were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy, N₂ adsorption-desorption, Fourier-transform infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses. The results showed that PPPhen polymer was highly porous and that the phenanthroline group can enhance the stability of the Pd nanoparticles. Pd@PPPhen also exhibited good catalytic activity in the aerobic oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes and ketones, and Pd@PPPhen was recyclable with durable activity and retentive structures.     

一种便携快速测量水中铅和镉含量的仪器-ANDalyze

快速测量污染水中重金属元素含量对于监测野外突发污染至关重要.建立了使用以生物酶（DNA酶）为原理的便捷仪器快速测定污染水中铅（Pb）和镉（Cd）元素含量的方法.使用生物酶传感器对标准溶液进行测量,根据溶液推荐和测量浓度之间的线性关系对仪器进行校准后,可测量的质量浓度范围:Pb为2~100 μg/L,Cd为0.1~1.0 mg/L.仪器可以在3~5 min内方便快速完成重金属的现场测量,使用DNA酶可以快速获得污染水中的微量金属元素含量,有利于野外重金属污染的即时测量.     

液相质谱测定非极性或弱极性物质的研究进展

从衍生、离子加合、离子源、裂解等方面对近年来液相质谱测定非极性或弱极性物质的研究进行综述。其中,衍生方式主要介绍了醛酮类化合物、醇类化合物、胺类化合物、烯烃与炔烃等物质的衍生方式,离子加合主要介绍了铵根离子加合等正离子加合模式与甲酸根等负离子加合模式,离子源主要介绍了大气压化学电离(APCI)、APPI、DESI三种离子源在测定非极性或弱极性物质的研究,裂解方式以三氯杀螨醇为例子。文章以实例对液相质谱测定非极性或弱极性物质的策略进行了讨论,对它们的现状和未来前景进行预测。     

Nonlinear thickness-shear vibration of an infinite piezoelectric plate with flexoelectricity based on the method of multiple scales

This paper presents a nonlinear thickness-shear vibration model for onedimensional infinite piezoelectric plate with flexoelectricity and geometric nonlinearity. The constitutive equations with flexoelectricity and governing equations are derived from the Gibbs energy density function and variational principle. The displacement adopted here is assumed to be antisymmetric through the thickness due to the thickness-shear vibration mode. Only the shear strain gradient through the thickness is considered in the present model. With geometric nonlinearity, the governing equations are converted into differential equations as the function of time by the Galerkin method. The method of multiple scales is employed to obtain the solution to the nonlinear governing equation with first order approximation. Numerical results show that the nonlinear thickness-shear vibration of piezoelectric plate is size dependent, and the flexoelectric effect has significant influence on the nonlinear thickness-shear vibration frequencies of micro-size thin plates. The geometric nonlinearity also affects the thickness-shear vibration frequencies greatly. The results show that flexoelectricity and geometric nonlinearity cannot be ignored in design of accurate high-frequency piezoelectric devices.     

矩阵摄动和Newmark-β逐步积分相结合的不确定性结构载荷识别

为了反演作用在不确定性结构上的动态激励上下界,在时域内建立了一个矩阵摄动和Newmark-β逐步积分相结合的载荷识别算法。首先依据矩阵摄动理论将动载荷近似表示为中值和摄动量相叠加的一阶泰勒多项式形式,然后引入Newmark-β逐步积分算法对振动学微分方程解耦,推导一个将输入载荷、输出响应和结构特性联系在一起的线性振动离散方程,借助该方程反求出动载荷的中值和摄动量,最终获得动载荷的上下边界。数值算例结果表明,该方法可以高效准确地重建载荷的上下边界,并具有优良的抗噪性能。     

一种可视化检测肼的苯并噁唑类荧光增强型探针

以苯并噁唑为荧光基团，合成和表征了一种用于可视化检测N₂H₄的荧光增强型探针(HL2)，并研究了其光谱性质。实验结果表明，HL2对N₂H₄具有高的选择性和灵敏度，抗干扰能力强，响应快，它对N₂H₄的检测限为0.072 μmol·L^-1。此外，HL2可应用于实际水体样品中N₂H₄的检测，并且还能实现HeLa细胞中N₂H₄的荧光成像。     

Beam dynamics studies on BEPC-Ⅱstorage rings at the commissioning stage

During the 1st and 2nd stages of the commissioning of the upgrade project of the Beijing Electron Positron Collider(BEPC Ⅱ),which started on Nov.12,2006 and Oct.24,2007,respectively,we got the luminosity one tenth of its design value,provided beams to synchrotron radiation users for about 4 months,and studied beam dynamics as well.In this paper,some beam dynamics studies on the storage rings and their preliminary results are given.