Ethanolic extract of Rubia peregrina L. (Rubiaceae) inhibits haloperidol-induced catalepsy and reserpine-induced orofacial dyskinesia

In the traditional Sardinian system of medicine, Rubia peregrina L. (Rubiaceae) is reported as an aphrodisiac herb. Since the aphrodisiacs may also have antioxidant and dopaminergic activities, the aim of this study was to study the effect of ethanolic extract of aerial parts of R. peregrina for the scavenging of free DPPH radicals and the inhibition of haloperidol-induced catalepsy in mice and reserpine-induced orofacial dyskinesia in rats. The extract exhibited significant antioxidant activity in a free radical DPPH assay with IC(50)?=?55.6?μg?mL(-1), which was very close to IC(50) of ascorbic acid. The extract of R. peregrina (100 and 200?mg?kg(-1) intraperitoneally, i.p.) significantly inhibited haloperidol (1?mg?kg(-1) i.p.) - induced catalepsy in mice (p?相似文献   

A Functional Equation Whose Unknown is \mathcal{P}([0,1]) Valued

We study a functional equation whose unknown maps a Euclidean space into the space of probability distributions on [0,1]. We prove existence and uniqueness of its solution under suitable regularity and boundary conditions, we show that it depends continuously on the boundary datum, and we characterize solutions that are diffuse on [0,1]. A canonical solution is obtained by means of a Randomly Reinforced Urn with different reinforcement distributions having equal means. The general solution to the functional equation defines a new parametric collection of distributions on [0,1] generalizing the Beta family.     

A highly crystalline microporous hybrid organic-inorganic aluminosilicate resembling the AFI-type zeolite

ECS-14, a crystalline microporous hybrid organic-inorganic aluminosilicate, has been synthesized by using 1,4-bis-(triethoxysilyl)-benzene (BTEB) as a source of silica. Its structure contains a system of linear channels with 12-membered ring openings, running along the [001] direction, resembling the pore architecture of the AFI framework type.     

Power series and analyticity over the quaternions

We study power series and analyticity in the quaternionic setting. We first consider a function f defined as the sum of a power series \({\sum\nolimits_{n \in \mathbb{N}} q^n a_n}\) in its domain of convergence, which is a ball B(0, R) centered at 0. At each \({p \in B(0,R)}\), f admits expansions in terms of appropriately defined power series centered at p, namely \({\sum\nolimits_{n \in \mathbb{N}} (q-p)^{*n} b_n}\). The expansion holds in a ball Σ(p, R ? |p|) defined with respect to a (non-Euclidean) distance σ. We thus say that f is σ-analytic in B(0, R). Furthermore, we remark that Σ(p, R ? |p|) is not always a Euclidean neighborhood of p; when it is, we say that f is strongly analytic at p. It turns out that f is strongly analytic in a neighborhood of \({B(0,R) \cap \mathbb{R}}\) that can be strictly contained in B(0, R). We then relate these notions of analyticity to the class of quaternionic functions introduced in Gentili and Struppa (Adv. Math. 216(1):279–301, 2007), and recently extended in Colombo et al. (Adv. Math. 222(5):1793–1808, 2009) under the name of slice regular functions. Indeed, σ-analyticity proves equivalent to slice regularity, in the same way as complex analyticity is equivalent to holomorphy. Hence the theory of slice regular quaternionic functions, which is quickly developing, reveals a new feature that reminds the nice properties of holomorphic complex functions.     

Cyclochiral resorcin[4]arenes as effective enantioselectors in the gas phase

The effect of cyclochirality of rccc‐2,8,14,20‐tetra‐n‐decyl‐4,10,16,22‐tetra‐O‐methylresorcin[4]arene (C) on the enantiodiscrimination of a number of chiral bidentate and tridentate aromatic and aliphatic biomolecules (G) has been investigated by nano‐electrospray ionization (nano‐ESI)‐Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. The experimental approach is based on the formation of diastereomeric proton‐bound [C·H·G]⁺ complexes by nano‐ESI of solutions containing an equimolar amount of quasi‐enantiomers (C) together with the chiral guest (G) and the subsequent measurement of the rate of the G substitution by the attack of several achiral and chiral amines. In general, the heterochiral complexes react faster than the homochiral ones, except when G is an aminoalcoholic neurotransmitter whose complexes, beyond that, exhibit the highest enantioselectivity. The kinetic results were further supported by both collision‐induced dissociation experiments on some of the relevant [C₂·H·G]⁺ three‐body species and Density functional theory (DFT) calculations performed on the most selective systems. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Bloom: A stochastic growth-based fast method of community detection in networks

Networks are characterized by a variety of topological features and dynamics. Classifying nodes into communities, community structure, is important when exploring networks. This paper explores the community detection metric called modularity. The theoretical definitions of modularity are connected with intuitive insights into the compositions of communities. Local modularity costs/benefits are explored and an efficient stochastic algorithm, Bloom, is introduced, based on growing communities using local improvement measures. Three extensions of Bloom are presented that build upon the basic version. A numerical analysis compares Bloom with the popular fast-greedy algorithm and demonstrates the successful performance of the three modifications of Bloom.     

Advanced diagnostic plan applied to the Royal Villa in Naples

Abstract

To achieve adequate restoration project, the moment of choice of the type of intervention is a very delicate phase that necessarily involves a thorough understanding of the asset in all its aspects, as the location, the history, the architecture, the state of preservation, the pathologies causing the degradation, the degradation in itself, the analysis of constituent materials. The set of all that can be investigated on a product (cultural), to obtaining important information for subsequent maintenance, conservation and/or restoration actions, is what is called a diagnostic plan. In this case it was applied directly on a monument of national importance: the Royal Villa in Naples (today the Municipal Villa). The analysis were performed in situ and in the laboratory (SEM-EDS) on samples taken directly at the Villa, which allowed the creation of a series of analytical cards, containing digital data, required for the selection of expense future of intervention.     

Effects of Citicoline,Homotaurine, and Vitamin E on Contrast Sensitivity and Visual-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Preliminary Study

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of supplementation with a fixed combination of citicoline 500 mg, homotaurine 50 mg, and vitamin E 12 mg (CIT/HOMO/VITE) on contrast sensitivity and visual-related quality of life in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in mild stage. This was a multicenter, observational, cross-over, short-term, pilot study on POAG patients with stable controlled intraocular pressure (IOP). Patients were randomly assigned to Group 1 (current topical therapy for 4 months and then current topical therapy plus CIT/HOMO/VITE for 4 months) or Group 2 (CIT/HOMO/VITE in addition to current topical therapy for 4 months and then topical therapy alone for 4 months). Best-corrected visual acuity, IOP, visual field, and the Spaeth/Richman contrast sensitivity (SPARCS) test score were recorded at baseline and after 4 and 8 months. The Glaucoma Quality of Life-15 (GQL-15) questionnaire was administered at each check time. Forty-four patients were assigned to Group 1 and 65 to Group 2. Over the follow-up period, there were no significant changes in IOP or visual field findings, whereas SPARCS and GQL-15 findings significantly varied from baseline, both being improved in subjects treated with CIT/HOMO/VITE fixed combination. These results demonstrate that a daily intake of a fixed combination of citicoline, homotaurine, and vitamin E in addition to the topical medical treatment significantly increased the total score of the contrast sensitivity test and the quality of life in patients with POAG.