静电偏转型摄像管聚焦偏转系统设计Ⅰ-场的计算

磁聚焦静电偏转(MS)和静电聚焦静电偏转(SS)型摄像管具有图像失真小,分辨率高且均匀,电子束易于垂直上靶,阴影小等优点,所以受到人们的重视。但图案偏转电极的形状复杂,非对称场的计算较困难。本文对静电偏转型聚焦偏转系统的结构作了分析研究,远用分离变量法给出了圆柱坐标中静电聚焦(旋转对称)场和静电偏转(非旋转对称)场的解析解,并给出了计算实例。     

Atroposelective Access to 1,3-Oxazepine-Containing Bridged Biaryls via Carbene-Catalyzed Desymmetrization of Imines

We disclose herein an atroposelective synthesis of novel bridged biaryls containing medium-sized rings via N-heterocyclic carbene organocatalysis. The reaction starts with addition of the carbene catalyst to the aminophenol-derived aldimine substrate. Subsequent oxidation and intramolecular desymmetrization lead to the formation of 1,3-oxazepine-containing bridged biaryls in good yields and excellent enantioselectivities. These novel bridged biaryl products can be readily transformed into chiral phosphite ligands. Preliminary density function theory calculations suggest that the origin of enantioselectivity arises from the more favorable frontier molecular orbital interactions in the transition state leading to the major product.     

Organocatalytic C−H Functionalization of Simple Alkanes

The direct functionalization of inert C(sp³)-H bonds to form carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds offers vast potential for chemical synthesis and therefore receives increasing attention. At present, most successes come from strategies using metal catalysts/reagents or photo/electrochemical processes. The use of organocatalysis for this purpose remains scarce, especially when dealing with challenging C−H bonds such as those from simple alkanes. Here we disclose the first organocatalytic direct functionalization/acylation of inert C(sp³)-H bonds of completely unfunctionalized alkanes. Our approach involves N-heterocyclic carbene catalyst-mediated carbonyl radical intermediate generation and coupling with simple alkanes (through the corresponding alkyl radical intermediates generated via a hydrogen atom transfer process). Unreactive C−H bonds are widely present in fossil fuel feedstocks, commercially important organic polymers, and complex molecules such as natural products. Our present study shall inspire a new avenue for quick functionalization of these molecules under the light- and metal-free catalytic conditions.     

Concurrent Solution‐Like Decoloration Rate and High Mechanical Strength from Polymer‐Dispersed Photochromic Organogel

To achieve a fast photochromic response in solid matrix, photochromic molecules/segments have been either dispersed into elastomers via physical doping or linked to glassy polymers by soft units through covalent bonding. However, the former is lack of high mechanical strength and the latter owes the drawback of time‐consumption of synthesis. Here, we propose a facile strategy of co‐solvent evaporation to prepare polymer‐dispersed photochromic organogel where both high mechanical strength of the glassy polymer matrix and solution‐like fast photochromism of the photochromic molecule within organogel can be retained concurrently. Glassy PVA matrix and dispersed organogel of 1,3:2,4‐di‐O‐benzylidene‐d ‐sorbitol/poly(propylene glycol) (DBS/PPG) provide high mechanical strength and sufficient free volume for intramolecular rotation of photochromic spiropyran (SP), respectively. Interestingly, these thin films behave a solution‐like decoloration the decay rate of which is 65–70 fold faster than that in the SP‐directly doped PVA film and only slightly slower than those in their corresponding PPG solutions.