荧光光谱法研究中华蜜蜂化学感受蛋白与特异配基的相互作用

用荧光光谱法研究了中华蜜蜂化学感受蛋白(chemosensory proteins, CSPs)3与其特异性配基N-苯基-1-萘胺(N-Phenyl-1-naphthylamine, 1-NPN)的相互作用关系。研究表明1-NPN能使CSP3在328 nm (λem)处产生猝灭,且猝灭机理为静态猝灭,另外猝灭过程中ΔH0 > 0, ΔS0 > 0,表明二者间的主要作用力为疏水相互作用。依据F?rster非辐射能量转移机制,得到二者的结合距离为9.3 nm,能量转移效率E = 0.054。根据同步荧光技术考察1-NPN对CSP3的构象的影响,表明CSP3荧光主要贡献者--色氨酸残基的最大发射波长略有红移,表明原处于疏水腔中的色氨酸残基由于所处环境的极性增加,而使CSP3构象产生变化。     

表面活性剂类多肽A6KA6K的自组装及机理研究

为了研究表面活性剂类多肽疏水链段长度及亲疏水氨基酸比例对其自组装结构的影响,本文设计了一种表面活性剂类多肽A6K的二倍体A6KA6K。圆二色谱分析表明的二级结构主要为无规卷曲结构并伴有少量的α-螺旋;透射电子显微镜和动态光散射分析表明,其在水溶液中能自组装形成纳米囊泡状结构。芘荧光分子探针研究表明自组装体存在疏水微区域将芘分子包裹在其中,证明了这种多肽在溶液中可形成胶束类的自组装体,并计算了其临界胶束浓度。相比已报道的表面活性剂类肽A6K,本文设计的肽序列A6KA6K由于在较长疏水链段区域中存在亲水性氨基酸K,对疏水相互作用有影响,使得含有14个氨基酸的肽自组装形成纳米囊泡状结构。     

液态锂限制器的铺展性测试平台设计及初步实验

为研究液态锂在电磁驱动限制器表面的铺展特性,设计了与EAST限制器接口相同的限制器测试平台。该平台运行时真空环境可达10^-4Pa,对被测限制器可加热至350℃。在限制器锂回路管道上,利用外部2T水平磁场以及竖直方向施加的最大为200A的直流电流,形成电磁驱动力驱动下的锂液循环回路。测试平台设有顶部和正面两个观察窗,能够在可视化条件下,完成液态锂限制器的铺展性测试实验。基于该测试平台,对首次设计的双通路液态锂限制器,研究了不同实验温度和驱动电流下液态锂在限制器表面的流动铺展情况。结果发现,锂的流量和限制器表面结构是影响锂液铺展的主要因素。     

A high-efficiency spin polarizer based on edge and surface disordered silicene nanoribbons

Using the tight-binding formalism, we explore the effect of weak disorder upon the conductance of zigzag edge silicene nanoribbons (SiNRs), in the limit of phase-coherent transport. We find that the fashion of the conductance varies with disorder, and depends strongly on the type of disorder. Conductance dips are observed at the Van Hove singularities, owing to quasilocalized states existing in surface disordered SiNRs. A conductance gap is observed around the Fermi energy for both edge and surface disordered SiNRs, because edge states are localized. The average conductance of the disordered SiNRs decreases exponentially with the increase of disorder, and finally tends to disappear. The near-perfect spin polarization can be realized in SiNRs with a weak edge or surface disorder, and also can be attained by both the local electric field and the exchange field.     

Quantum anomalous Hall effect and giant Rashba spin-orbit splitting in graphene system co-doped with boron and 5d transition-metal atoms

Quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE) is a fundamental quantum transport phenomenon in condensed matter physics. Until now, the QAHE has only been experimentally realized for Cr/V-doped (Bi, Sb)₂Te₃ but at an extremely low observational temperature, thereby limiting its potential application in dissipationless quantum electronics. By employing first-principles calculations, we study the electronic structures of graphene co-doped with 5d transition metal and boron atoms based on a compensated n–p co-doping scheme. Our findings are as follows: i) The electrostatic attraction between the n- and p-type dopants effectively enhances the adsorption of metal adatoms and suppresses their undesirable clustering. ii) Hf-B and Os-B co-doped graphene systems can establish long-range ferromagnetic order and open larger nontrivial band gaps because of the stronger spin-orbit coupling with the non-vanishing Berry curvatures to host the high-temperature QAHE. iii) The calculated Rashba splitting energies in Re–B and Pt–B co-doped graphene systems can reach up to 158 and 85 meV, respectively, which are several orders of magnitude higher than the reported intrinsic spin-orbit coupling strength.     

Quantum non-demolition phonon counter with a hybrid optomechnical system

A phonon counting scheme based on the control of polaritons in an optomechanical system is proposed. This approach permits us to measure the number of phonons in a quantum non-demolition (QND) manner for arbitrary modes not limited by the frequency matching condition as in usual photon-phonon scattering detections. The performance on phonon number transfer and quantum state transfer of the counter are analyzed and simulated numerically by taking into account all relevant sources of noise.     

FI-KR-FAAS空气混合吸附二次气体分隔洗脱法测定海洋生物样中的痕量铅

建立了流动注射（flow injection, FI）空气混合吸附预富集编结反应器（knotted reactor, KR）二次气体分隔洗脱法与火焰原子吸收光谱法（flame atomic absorption spectrum, FAAS）联用测定海洋生物样中的痕量铅。在预富集步骤,空气、络合剂和铅溶液在线混合,空气的引入,大大提高了铅的螯合物在KR内壁的吸附效果。在洗脱前,通入一段空气流,在洗脱过程中,即在非完全洗脱时,加入一段空气流,两段空气流的引入,大大降低了被分析物在洗脱液中的分散,提高了信号响应值,从而提高了浓集系数（enhancement factor, EF）。将空气混合吸附预富集与二次气体分隔洗脱法联用,使得KR吸附富集效果和洗脱效果达到了更高的水平。和微柱的低寿命、高反压相比,KR反压小,耐酸耐碱,寿命几乎无限长,对蠕动泵的要求很低,不易造成溶液渗漏等问题。在洗脱过程进行到第5秒时输入1 s空气流作为间隔,而不是等整个洗脱过程完成以后再输入空气流,此方法的优点是：洗脱完全,而且大大降低了被分析物在洗脱过程中的分散,吸收信号值大大增加。如果单纯地把洗脱时间降到5 s,那么洗脱会非常不完全,也就是没有洗脱干净,在管路中还会残存大量的被分析物,残存的被分析物被带入下一个样品分析中,会对整个实验造成很大的误差,所有的实验数据都将不准,失去数据利用价值。所以完全的洗脱是非常必要的,必须保证一定的洗脱时间。由于随着洗脱过程的进行,洗脱下来的被分析物呈逐渐减小的趋势,在以往洗脱方法中,等到整个洗脱过程全部进行完以后,被分析物在洗脱液中的分散已经相当严重了,导致所得到吸收信号值大大减小。在洗脱过程中插入空气流,即在非完全洗脱时插入空气流,降低了被分析物在洗脱过程中的分散,同时保证了洗脱的完全,大大提高了吸收信号峰值。优化了络合剂种类、浓度和酸度,样品富集时间和流速,空气混合吸附时的空气流速和时间,洗脱前第一次通气时间,预洗脱时间,洗脱过程中第二次通气时间等实验参数。在最佳实验条件下,铅在0.005～0.6 mg·L-1浓度范围内呈现良好的线性关系,铅的检出限（3σ）为2.2 μg·L-1。将新方法与直接火焰原子吸收法、传统的FI-KR空气混合吸附预富集普通洗脱法进行了比较,结果显示本方法的浓集系数更高。将该方法应用于海洋生物样中痕量铅的测定,测得鳝鱼、对虾、虾姑、鲟鱼、舌鳎和贻贝标准中的铅含量为0.34~1.92 μg·g-1;加标量为1.0 μg·g-1时,加标回收率为93.5%~96.4%;相对标准偏差为0.52%~2.94%。用FI-KR-FAAS空气混合吸附预富集,二次气体分隔洗脱法测定海洋生物样中的痕量铅,具有富集效果好,准确度高,精密度好,浓集系数高等优点,分析结果令人满意。     

电化学析氢反应中单层MoSe2氢吸附机理第一性原理研究

基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法,本文计算了单层2H相MoSe₂纳米材料表面及两种边缘（Mo原子边缘、Se原子边缘）不同活性位点、不同氢原子吸附率下的氢吸附吉布斯自由能（Gibbs free energy,用△G_H⁰表示）,并且将对应的微观结构进行了系统分析比较,得出△G_H⁰最接近于0 eV的吸附位点及相应的吸附率.同时,结合差分电荷密度和电负性理论,分析了单层MoSe₂两种边缘氢吸附的电荷转移及成键特性,进一步解释了不同吸附位点呈现的结构与能量趋势.最后,通过基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理分子动力学模拟,研究了高温热运动对两种边缘氢吸附的影响,获得了氢原子发生脱附的临界温度及对应的微观动态过程.该理论研究从原子尺度揭示了单层2H相MoSe₂纳米材料边缘不同位点在不同温度下对氢原子吸附和脱附的微观机理,证实了Mo原子边缘的畸变和重构行为,加深了对实验中单层2H相MoSe₂边缘在不同温度下氢吸附机理的理解,为实验中通过控制MoSe₂边缘设计廉价高效的析氢催化剂提供理论参考.     

Stationary Solutions for Stochastic Differential Equations Driven by Lévy Processes

In the paper, stationary solutions of stochastic differential equations driven by Lévy processes are considered. And the existence of these stationary solutions follows from the theory of random dynamical systems and their attractors. Moreover, under a one-sided Lipschitz continuity condition and a temperedness condition, Itô and Marcus stochastic differential equations driven by Lévy processes are proved to have stationary solutions. Besides, continuous dependence of stationary solutions on drift coefficients of these equations is presented.     

杭州城西河网清淤优化调度

引水进入城市河网可快速提升河道水质,但也会导致泥沙淤积等问题;城市河网不仅河道众多,还有水闸等水工建筑物,使得水沙输移问题变得更为复杂.为了使泥沙尽量少淤积于不易清淤的河道,需优化河网水闸的调度.首先建立了考虑水闸的河网一维泥沙输移数学模型,利用实测水沙数据验证其精度.通过模型计算不同引水流量工况下杭州城西河网泥沙的淤积量及淤积分布,得到泥沙淤积率最低以及最利于清淤时的河网水闸优化调度方案,可为城市河网泥沙减淤及清淤提供理论依据和参考.