Primary acoustic signal structure during free falling drop collision with a water surface

Consistent optical and acoustic techniques have been used to study the structure of hydrodynamic disturbances and acoustic signals generated as a free falling drop penetrates water. The relationship between the structures of hydrodynamic and acoustic perturbations arising as a result of a falling drop contacting with the water surface and subsequent immersion into water is traced. The primary acoustic signal is characterized, in addition to stably reproduced features (steep leading edge followed by long decay with local pressure maxima), by irregular high-frequency packets, which are studied for the first time. Reproducible experimental data are used to recognize constant and variable components of the primary acoustic signal.     

Rates of Best Uniform Rational Approximation of Analytic Functions by Ray Sequences of Rational Functions

In this paper, problems related to the approximation of a holomorphic function f on a compact subset E of the complex plane C by rational functions from the class of all rational functions of order (n,m) are considered. Let ρ _n,m = ρ _n,m (f;E) be the distance of f in the uniform metric on E from the class . We obtain results characterizing the rate of convergence to zero of the sequence of the best rational approximation { ρ _n,m(n) } _n=0 ^∞ , m(n)/n → θ ∈ (0,1] as n → ∞ . In particular, we give an upper estimate for the liminf _{n →∞} ρ _n,m(n) ^1/(n+m(n)) in terms of the solution to a certain minimum energy problem with respect to the logarithmic potential. The proofs of the results obtained are based on the methods of the theory of Hankel operators. June 16, 1997. Date revised: December 1, 1997. Date accepted: December 1, 1997. Communicated by Ronald A. DeVore.     

Elastic and Mechanical Parameters of n-АМg6/С60 Nanocomposite under Cyclic Reversible Static Load

Acoustical Physics - Results of experimental investigation into the effect of reversible mechanical loading–unloading on linear and nonlinear properties of n?AMg6/C60 nanostructured...     

Results of the Experiments on the Crystallization of a Ge–Si–Sb Solid Solution under the Conditions of Microgravity on the Soyuz–Apollo Spacecraft

Physics of the Solid State - Objective factors that allow the experiment on growing crystals of a Ge–Si–Sb solid solution on the Soyuz–Apollo spacecraft to take a special place...     

Multiple fibers of del Pezzo fibrations

We prove that a terminal three-dimensional del Pezzo fibration has no fibers of multiplicity >6. We also obtain a rough classification of possible configurations of singular points on multiple fibers and give some examples. To the memory of Professor Vasily Alekseevich Iskovskikh     

Magnetic,dielectric and magnetoelectric properties of new family of orthorhombic multiferroic Eu1−xYxMNO3 manganites

Multiferroic ground states with a spatially modulated antiferromagnetic structure and electric polarization have been revealed in Eu_1−xY_xMnO₃ (0.2?x?0.5$0.2?x?0.5$) single crystals. While the slightly substituted (x?0.1$x?0.1$) compounds exhibited a transition from the incommensurate (IC) to the canted antiferromagnetic (CAF) state at _TCA<_TN$T_{\mathrm{CA}}<T_{\mathrm{N}}$, the transitions from IC to commensurate ferroelectric (C/FE) phase were observed at _Tlock<_TN$T_{\mathrm{lock}}<T_{\mathrm{N}}$ for x>0.2$x>0.2$. Various phase transitions were observed in the magnetic fields up to 250 kOe along a, b, c axes by magnetization, magnetostriction and electric polarization measurements which show an existence of a spontaneous electric polarization below T_lock.     

Visualization and acoustic sounding of the fine structure of a stratified flow behind a vertical plate

High-resolution shadow visualization and high-frequency sonar detection are applied to separate out the density wake and a fine streaky structure in the vicinity of a vertical plate in motion in salt-stratified water. The length of the sounding acoustic wave is taken to be approximately equal to the universal microscale $\delta _N^v = \sqrt {{v \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {v N}} \right. \kern-0em} N}}$ , where ν and N are the kinematic viscosity and the buoyance frequency. In the spectra of the vertical oscillations of the acoustic contrast some characteristic frequencies ω are separated out and used to calculate the local Stokes microscales $\delta _\omega ^v = \sqrt {{v \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {v \omega }} \right. \kern-0em} \omega }}$ in the density wake region. The scales determined from the data of independent optical and acoustic measurements are in agreement with each other.     

Nature of Local Symmetry Violations of Ions in the Magnetic Subsystem of Magnetoplumbite Crystal,According to Raman Scattering Spectroscopy Data

The structure of an M-type lead hexaferrite (magnetoplumbite) crystal is studied via the diffraction of synchrotron radiation. The crystal model contains two iron ions positions with dynamic disorder. The dynamics of the crystal lattice in the temperature range of 80 to 775 K is studied by Raman scattering. Particular attention is given to the discussing the nature of the local disorder of iron ions in the trigonal bipyramidal environment of oxygen ions.     

Influence of a Static Reversible Loading on Mechanical and Elastic Properties of Polycrystalline Aluminum Alloy AMg6

The paper presents results from experimental studies on the influence of loading–unloading processes on the mechanical, linear, and nonlinear properties of the strain-hardening polycrystalline aluminum alloy AMg6 (Rus). The stress–strain curve is measured for AMg6 samples under high-cycle loading–unloading up to fracture of a sample. The microhardness of the sample is measured before and after its fracture. It has been found that the loading–unloading process leads to strain hardening of the AMg6 alloy. The influence of strain hardening of AMg6 on its linear and nonlinear elastic properties is studied by an ultrasonic method. To study the nonlinear elastic properties for different domains of the loading curve, we used the Thurston–Brugger method and spectral method by studying the efficiency of second acoustic harmonic generation. The experimental results are discussed.     

Upper limits on the mechanical loss of silicate bonds in a silicon tuning fork oscillator

Silicon optics suspended by silicon ribbons or silicon fibers and kept at low temperature are being considered, because of promising optical and mechanical properties, for the test masses of third generation interferometric gravitational-wave detectors. To interconnect the suspension elements the technique of hydroxide catalysis (or silicate) bonding can be used. In order to estimate the bond loss a tuning fork was fabricated from silicon ribbons, which were then silicate bonded. The temperature dependence of mechanical loss of this tuning fork was measured in the temperature range of 95–295 K. The ratio of the energy stored in the bond layer to the total energy of the tuning fork was calculated by numerical simulation. This provided an upper limit of the bond loss as a function of the temperature. It is $(5\pm 2)\times {10}^{?3}$ at 123 K, a proposed operating temperature of cryogenically operating ground based interferometric gravitational-wave detectors.