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991.
992.
R Ehrhardt 《The Journal of the Operational Research Society》1997,48(10):1013-1021
We consider a firm that manages its internal manufacturing operations according to a just-in-time (JIT) system but maintains an inventory of finished goods as a buffer against random demands from external customers. We formulate a model in which finished goods are replenished by a small fixed quantity each time period. In the interest of schedule stability, the size of the replenishment quantity must remain fixed for a predetermined interval of time periods. We analyse the single-interval problem in depth, showing how to compute a cost-minimising value of the replenishment quantity for a given interval length, and characterising the optimal cost, inventory levels and service as functions of the interval length and initial inventory. The model displays significant cost and service penalties for schedule stability. A dynamic version of the problem is also formulated, and shown to be convex in nature with relatively easily computed optima. 相似文献
993.
A self-avoiding polygon (SAP) on a graph is an elementary cycle. Counting SAPs on the hypercubic lattice ℤ
d
withd≥2, is a well-known unsolved problem, which is studied both for its combinatorial and probabilistic interest and its connections
with statistical mechanics. Of course, polygons on ℤ
d
are defined up to a translation, and the relevant statistic is their perimeter.
A SAP on ℤ
d
is said to beconvex if its perimeter is “minimal”, that is, is exactly twice the sum of the side lengths of the smallest hyper-rectangle containing
it. In 1984, Delest and Viennot enumerated convex SAPs on the square lattice [6], but no result was available in a higher
dimension.
We present an elementar approach to enumerate convex SAPs in any dimension. We first obtain a new proof of Delest and Viennot's
result, which explains combinatorially the form of the generating function. We then compute the generating function for convex
SAPs on the cubic lattice. In a dimension larger than 3, the details of the calculations become very cumbersome. However,
our method suggests that the generating function for convex SAPs on ℤ
d
is always a quotient ofdifferentiably finite power series. 相似文献
994.
995.
996.
Fe(II)--Fe(III) hydroxy-chloride, -sulphate and -carbonate were prepared by oxidation of a ferrous hydroxide precipitate in anion-containing aqueous solutions. The compounds are characterized by monitoring the redox potential Eh and the pH of stochiometric suspension vs time with the appropriate concentration ratios. X-ray diffraction allows us to characterize the crystal structure by distinguishing “green rust one” (GR1) from “green rust two” (GR2). Since green rusts (GRs) are of a pyroaurite-sjögrenite-like structure, i.e., consisting of intercalated foreign anions and water molecules in the interlayers between the brucite-like layers of Fe(OH)2, their chemical formulae can be determined from the Mössbauer spectra. Three quadrupole doublets are observed: D1 and D2 correspond to a ferrous state with isomershift IS of about 1.27 mm s-1 and quadrupole splittings QS of about 2.85 and 2.60 mm s-1, respectively, whereas D3 corresponds to a ferric state with IS and QS of about 0.4 mm s-1. The hyperfine parameters of these doublets are similar from one green rust to another but their intensity ratios vary considerably. Finally, Eh and pH equilibrium diagrams of the Fe species in the presence of chloride, sulphate and carbonate anions contained within the water solution are drawn and the thermodynamic conditions of existence and degrees of oxidation of green rusts are discussed. 相似文献
997.
998.
M. Trunk J. Popp I. Hartmann M. Lankers E. Urlaub W. Kiefer 《Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry》1996,355(3-4):354-356
In situ measurements of gas-liquid surface reactions of single aerosol microdroplets are presented. By means of optical levitation in combination with elastic (Mie) and inelastic (Raman) light scattering it is possible to get information on the chemistry of e.g. acid/base reactions as well as the physical behavior of single microparticles. 相似文献
999.
One of the shortcomings of R&D evaluation is a lack of emphasis on analytical assessment of the value of an on-going R&D project. This paper addresses the problem concerning the distributive aspect of access to superior knowledge. Decision tree analysis and probability models appear to be appropriate tools for assessing the values of an intermediate result and patent reward of a firm's R&D decision in an environment of perfect information and oligopolistic competition. The assessed values are used as minimum prices acceptable to the firm when the knowledge is disseminated to the public. This paper will attempt to resolve this problem through the determination of the appropriate values of the reservation price of the first-stage invention in terms of the final reward and of a patent reward for which the inventor is willing to apply. 相似文献
1000.
Flux jumps have been observed in a large (138 mg) single crystal of La1.86Sr0.14CuO4. Both complete and incomplete flux jumps are observed with the energy dissipated by complete flux jumps consistent with temperature rises to nearly Tc. The systematics of these flux jumps with respect to field history, temperature and the time duration of the hysteresis measurements are reported. The field at which flux jumps first occur and their subsequent spacing are not consistent with a simple adiabatic theory of flux jumps for our experimental conditions. Instead, the crystal is observed to be stabilized against flux jumps by flux creep which occurs during the time interval over which field steps are accomplished as well as during imposed time intervals between field steps. 相似文献