酸性离子液体催化脂肪酸甲酯聚合制备二聚酸甲酯

 以 Brönsted-Lewis 酸性离子液体为催化剂, 用于催化生物柴油中不饱和脂肪酸甲酯聚合制备二聚酸甲酯反应, 考察了催化剂种类、催化剂用量、反应温度和时间等因素对聚合反应性能的影响, 得到较佳的反应条件. 结果表明, 当以 1-(3-磺酸)-丙基-3-甲基咪唑氯锌酸盐[HO3S-(CH2)3-mim]Cl-ZnCl2 (ZnCl2 摩尔分数为 0.67) 为催化剂, 生物柴油 15 g, m(生物柴油):m(离子液体) = 15:1, 于 240 oC 下反应 6 h 时, 二聚酸甲酯收率为 63.2%, 其中三聚体含量小于 5%. 另外, 该催化剂重复使用 5 次后, 二聚酸甲酯收率仍超过 63%, 表明其具有较好的重复使用性能. 离子液体的 Brönsted 和 Lewis 酸位的协同效应显著提高了其催化活性.     

内应力对顺-1,4-聚丁二烯结晶的影响

本工作用线膨胀仪观察了顺-1,4-聚丁二烯(PB)生胶恒温及等速降温条件下的结晶行为,发现某些胶样在结晶前出现长度增加,而加热至结晶融化时出现长度收缩,随样品退火程度的增加所述现象逐渐减小,直至消失。本工作用含凝胶样品受外力作用后能产生内应力并生成束状结晶的模型来进行解释,其结果得到DSC的验证。     

填充丁腈共聚物的动态力学性质

本文研究了用石墨粉剂和二硫化钼粉剂填充的丁腈共聚物(含丙烯腈约40wt%)的动态力学性能,贮能模量E'_c、损耗模量E"_c损耗因子tanδ。讨论了填料的体积分数、高聚物和填料之间的相互作用对这些参数及松弛谱的影响。试用了一种模型计算这些复合材料中间相的E₁值。     

毫秒脉冲星PSR1953+29的引力四极辐射及其表面温度分布

本文考虑了天体自引力、内部运动及内应力;估算了最近发现的毫秒脉冲星PSR1953+29的引力四极辐射功率、共振线型四极天线截面、以及可能被天线吸收的功率量级,结果表明比过去认为最有希望的引力辐射源PSR0531+21要强约五个数量级,因此,PSR1953+29很有希望被探测到。我们还计算     

马来酸酐和苯乙烯的可逆加成-断链链转移聚合及新型嵌段共聚物的合成

马来酸酐和苯乙烯是被广为研究的一对电荷转移复合物 (Ｃｈａｒｇｅｔｒａｎｓｆｅｒｃｏｍｐｌｅｘ,简称ＣＴＣ) ,而且能通过通常的自由基聚合发生交替共聚[1] .所得的聚合物由于酸酐基团的存在 ,很易进行大分子改性得到具有某些特殊功能的高分子 .不过 ,所得共聚物的分子量难以控制且分子量分布也较宽 .近年来发展起来的“活性” 可控自由基聚合越来越为人们所关注 ,因为采用这种方法不仅可对聚合物的分子量进行设计 ,同时分子量分布也较窄 ,也不需要活性离子型聚合那样严格的聚合条件 .关于烯类单体的活性自由基聚合迄今主要有氮氧自由基…     

利用模式搜索法求取新的温度积分近似式

利用模式搜索法求取了一个新的温度积分近似式,给出了相应的估算动力学参数的方程。新的温度积分近似式根据数值计算结果得到,可靠性高。讨论了新的近似式计算值与温度积分数值积分结果的偏差。与其它近似式相比,新的温度积分近似式的表达式简单,精确度更高,非常适合非等温过程的动力学参数的计算。     

流动形态的动力学分析

采用流动显示和对流场进行连续延时曝光的拍摄方法,得到了非定常流场的流动图象,并在影片分析处理系统上完成了对流动图案的数量化处理。在此基础上,定义了参数Φ(k),用来评价Froude,Reynold和Weber准则对流动形态的影响。确定了薄壁铸件反重力充型过程水力学相似的必要条件。     

Microcolumn test and model analysis of activated carbon adsorption of dissolved organic matter after precoagulation: effects of pH and pore size distribution

Microcolumn adsorption experiments were conducted to generate breakthrough profiles of dissolved organic matter (DOM) remaining after coagulation treatment of a naturally colored surface water for three coal-based activated carbons (ACs) and four water pH levels. A plug-flow homogeneous surface diffusion model was applied to determine the intraparticle surface diffusivities of the DOM at different AC-pH combinations. It was found that, for all three ACs, the removal of DOM increased as pH decreased and the increasing extent changed with the ACs used. The pH dependency of the column performance seemed to be attributed more apparently to pH's capability in changing the zeta potential of AC particles. In addition, at all pH levels, the column performance varied markedly with the ACs used. Correlation analyses of the accumulated amounts of DOM onto all three ACs with corresponding pore volumes in several divided pore size regions clearly indicated that pores with sizes 30-100 A were more effective in adsorbing organic macromolecules. Furthermore, based on model simulations, the sensitivity of bed performance to equilibrium and kinetic parameters was quantified by conducting variance analyses with a four-way classification method.     

STIRRING INDUCED SOLUTION CRYSTALLIZATION OF cis-1,4-POLYBUTADIENE

In this work, the stirring induced solution crystallization behaviour of cis-1, 4-polybutadiene polymerized with rare-earth catalyst (Ln-PB) has been studied by electron microscope, DSC and GPC. It has been found that when 0.5% Ln-PB toluene solution was stirred at a temperature within the range of-15°to-79℃with a speed of 180 rpm, a kind of white swollen thread-llke substance wound around the stirrer was formed. It was seen under electron microscope that this swollen thread-Like substance consisted of fibrillar crystals of Ln-PB parallel to each other. The amount of Ln-PB wound around the stirrer increased with the decrease in crystallization temperature until a maximum was reached at about-65℃, then it decreased with the decrease in crystallization temperature. However, the higher the crystallization temperature, the higher the average molecular weight and the narrower the molecular weight distribution of Ln-PB which wound around the stirrer. Therefore, Ln-PB sample may be fractionated by stirring its dilute solution at a series of crystallization temperatures.