Intramolecular N−H...O hydrogen bonding,quinoid effect,and partial π-electron delocalization in N-aryl Schiff bases of 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde: the crystal structures of planar N-(α-naphthyl)- and N-(β-naphthyl)-2-oxy-1-naphthaldimine

The structures of N-(-naphthyl)-2-oxy-1-naphthaldimine1 and N-(-naphthyl)-2-oxy-1-naphthaldimine2 have been investigated by X-ray analysis and by spectroscopic methods. Crystals of1 are monoclinic, space groupPn, with cell dimensionsa=10.823(3),b=5.826(2),c=11.899 (3) Å, and =99.66(3)°. Compound2 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space groupPca2₁ witha=17.564(3),b=6.314(2), andc=13.663(4) Å. The IR spectra exhibited neither N–H nor O–H stretching frequencies. The existence of theintramolecular hydrogen bonding of N–H...O type was predicted by spectroscopic experiment but unequivocally established by diffraction experiment in both cases1 and2. The molecules1 and2 are significantly planar with considerable quinoid effect at the 2-oxy-naphthaldimine moiety. Although essentially planar, both molecules1 and2 show the delocalization of -electrons only in the central part of the molecules including C=N imino group with pendent ring carbon atoms.Intermolecular attractions in the crystals belong to weak van der Waals interactions-between discrete planar molecules spatially arranged into the expectedherringbone motif in the solid state.     

Copper + nickel-in-charcoal (Cu-Ni/C): a bimetallic, heterogeneous catalyst for cross-couplings

A new heterogeneous catalyst composed of copper and nickel oxide particles supported within charcoal has been developed. It catalyzes cross-couplings that traditionally use palladium, nickel, or copper, including Suzuki-Miyaura reactions, Buchwald-Hartwig aminations, vinylalane alkylations, etherifications of aryl halides, aryl halide reductions, asymmetric conjugate reductions of activated olefins, and azide-alkyne "click" reactions.     

A novel access to tetrahydro-beta-carbolines via one-pot hydroformylation/fischer indole synthesis: rearrangement of 3,3-spiroindoleninium cations

The two component one-pot hydroformylation/Fischer indole synthesis sequence of 2,5 dihydropyrroles and phenyl hydrazines allows a facile and convenient access to tetrahydro-beta-carbolines in moderate to good yields.     

Last step of the para route of the Kolbe-Schmitt reaction

This work is an extension of our investigations of the Kolbe--Schmitt reaction mechanism. The last step in the para route of the carboxylation reaction of alkali metal phenoxides is investigated at the B3LYP/LANL2DZ level of theory. Among several examined pathways, two mechanisms are proposed: the one involving a successive rearrangement of hydrogen and the other one based on the formation of free radicals. The former pathway is energetically comparable to the last step of the carboxylation reaction in the ortho position, whereas the latter pathway requires higher activation energy. Bearing in mind that the Kolbe--Schmitt reaction is performed at high temperatures, we assume that both reaction paths are plausible.     

Electronic structure study of thermal intraconversions of some dicyclopenta-fused polycyclic aromatic compounds

The electronic structure of dicyclopenta[de,mn]anthracene (P1), dicyclopenta[ de,kl]anthracene (P2), and dicyclopenta[jk,mn]phenanthrene (P3) and their mutual isomerization processes are investigated using density functional theory. Two mechanisms for the thermal intraconversion of P1 to P2 were found. The first mechanism occurs via ethynylaceanthrylene (I0), and the second involves a 1,2-hydrogen shift. It is supposed that I0 is initially formed during the flash vacuum pyrolysis experiments, eventually rearranging to P2 on high temperatures. The energetics of the latter mechanism also indicate that P1 isomerizes to P2. The mechanism for a transformation of P2 to P3 is based on a ring contraction/ring conversion process and requires extremely high temperatures. Our investigation is in accord with the experimental results: unsuccessful synthesis of P1, stability of P2 at high temperature, and formation of P3 under extreme temperature regime.     

Automated normal phase nano high performance liquid chromatography/matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry for analysis of neutral and acidic glycosphingolipids

The coupling of nano high-performance liquid chromatography (nanoHPLC) with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS) via an automatic spotting roboter was developed and adapted for the first time for the analysis of complex mixtures of glycosphingolipids (GSLs). The 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid and 6-azo-2-thiothymine matrix systems were adjusted to concurrently meet the requirements for reproducible and homogeneous crystal formation with the liquid chromatography (LC) eluent under the variable LC solvent composition over the course gradient and high ionization efficiency of the GSL species, without the need for recrystallization. Precise adjustment of the automatic spotting parameters in terms of matrix flow rate, on-tip collection time of the matrix/LC eluent solution and the matrix spotting mode, i.e., continuous and discontinuous, was accomplished to collect individually nanoHPLC-separated species within distinct spots and consequently recover by MALDI MS screening all major and minor GSL species in the mixtures. The nanoHPLC/MALDI MS coupling protocol was developed and applied to a mixture of neutral GSLs purified from human erythrocytes and a monosialoganglioside mixture expressed by the murine MDAY-D2 cell line. Additionally, on-line nanoHPLC/MALDI doping with lithium cations of individually separated neutral GSLs was introduced to enhance data interpretation of the GSL MS pattern, while preserving the same level of information and ultimately to enhance structural assignment of components of interest. The method is demonstrated to be highly sensitive, reaching the low femtomole level of detection of individual GSL species and is highlighted as a versatile analytical tool for glycolipidomic studies. Figure Automatic LC/MALDI MS profiling of glycosphingolipids Mostafa Zarei and Stephan Kirsch contributed equally to this work.     

Norm of Berezin transformon <Emphasis Type="Italic">L</Emphasis><Superscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis></Superscript> space

It is shown that the Berezin transform B on L ^p (D), where D is the unit disc, has norm . Furthermore, the norms of a family of operators (on L ^p (D)) whose kernels are moduli of Bergman type kernels are also calculated. Partially supported by MNZZS, Grant ON144010     

Derivative-free characterizations of bounded composition operators between Lipschitz spaces

We prove that maps into if and only if belongs to . In the case β < 1, we give another two equivalent conditions. Supported by MNZŽS Serbia, Project No. ON144010.