DNA在纳米金标上的组装、杂交、检测与银增强

利用电化学方法进行DNA的杂交检测.将目标ss-DNA固定在玻碳电极表面, 使其与纳米金标记的互补DNA发生杂化反应, 通过银增强试剂（该种试剂可以使银在纳米金表面沉积, 达到信号增强的效果）在纳米金上沉积银, 形成银包金的核壳结构.在酸性介质中沉积的银被氧化释放, 以离子状态存在于溶液中.用阳极溶出伏安法(ASV)检测银离子从而达到间接检测目标DNA的目的.测定结果表明，ss-DNA的浓度在100～1 000 pmol•L－1 范围内有非常好的线性关系, 检测限为10 pmol•L－1.     

Insect pheromones and their analogues

The synthesis has been effected of octa-2E,6E-diene-1,8-diol diisovalerate — the sex pheromone of the Crimean click beetleAgriotes tauricus — by the carboxymethylenation of the readily available 6-methylhept-5-en-2-one, the allyl oxidation of a terminal methyl group, reduction of the ester fraction, and interaction of the diol so obtained with isovaleryl chloride. The required pheromone can also be obtained from available cyclic oligomers of isoprene.     

Quantum and relativistic virial inequalities

The generalization of the virial theorem is discussed. The case where the potential energy is a sum of homogeneous functions of various degree is investigated. If the potential energy U is composed of a gravitational (or Coulomb) energy and an energy of the short-range repulsion of particles, then virial inequalities of the form 2¯K + < 0 are valid, where K is the kinetic energy. For classical systems of this type, but with a Hamiltonian relativistic in the momenta, the inequality 3N < ¦¦ holds, where N is the number of particles in the system, = kT, T is the temperature, and k is Boltzmann's constant.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 6, pp. 76–79, June, 1979.     

Characteristic features of short-range-order structure of melts of Pb-Tl-Cd(Sn) ternary systems

The paper considers the results of Investigations on the short-range-order structure of Pb-Tl melts and ternary Pb-Tl-Cd(Sn) liquids whose concentrations correspond to the lines of monovariant transformations connecting the Pb-Cd, Tl-Cd, and Pb-Sn, Tl-Sn binary eutectic points, respectively. The parameters of the radial distribution function and the thermodynamic data are analyzed. In the structural respect, Pb-Tl-Cd (Sn) melts have a polystructural structure in which, at temperatures close to the melting point, there are ordered regions with the structure of Pb-Cd(Sn) and Tl-Cd(Sn) binary eutectics and considerably larger microregions with statistical distribution of atoms of each species.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 5, pp. 32–36, May, 1979.     

Small-angle x-ray scattering and inhomogeneities of the electron density in polycrystalline and epitaxial PbS films

The dependence of the characteristics of the macro- and microporosity on the condensation temperature has been studied for condensation temperatures from 30 to 450°C by small-angle x-ray scattering, hydrostatic weighing, and low-temperature desorption of argon in polycrystalline and single-crystal lead sulfide films with thickness 3–5 m condensed for normal incidence of the molecular beam on polycrystalline and single-crystal substrates. The porosity of the polycrystalline films is an order of magnitude greater than in the epitaxial films. In polycrystalline condensates, the pores are elongated and are oriented along the normal to the film. The pores in the epitaxial films have a platelet form with faces along the {100} planes and are parallel to the direction of growth of the condensate. At high substrate temperature (about 400°C), more nearly equiaxial pores, with additional {110} faces are formed, as a result of the plastic deformation of the condensate by thermal macrostresses.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 8, pp. 46–52, August, 1979.     

Photooxidation of water by manganese(II) sulfate

The photoreduction of Mn(IV) sulfate in 6–10 M H₂SO₄ has been studied. The kinetics of the photoreaction are similar to that of the thermal oxidation of water by Mn(IV) sulfate. A strong dependence of the quantum yield on the energy of the absorbed quantum has been found. The mechanism of oxygen formation including decomposition of the “hot” dinuclear Mn complex is discussed.

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Изучена реакция фотовосстановления сульфата Mn(IV) в 6–10 М H₂SO₄ Показано, что кинетика изученной фотореакции идентична кинетике термической реакции окисления воды сульфатом Mn(IV). Обнаружена сильная зависимость квантового выхода от величины поглощенного кванта. Обсужден механизм формирования кислорода, включающий распад “горячего” биядерного комплекса марганца.

     

A weight space invariant with respect to a singular linear operator

For the singular operator $$Su = \int_a^b {\frac{{K(x, s) u (s)}}{{s - x}}} ds$$ invariant weight spacesλ _α ^β , _p (u(x)∈λ _α ^β , _p if 1⁰,u (x) ρ (x)∈ H _β ⁰ , 2⁰.‖u‖L _p(ρ₀)<∞, ρ (x) = (x?a) (b ?x)^1+β, ρ₀(x)=(b?x)^α(p?1), 0<α, β<1,p>1H ₀ ^β is a Hölder space. Multiplicative inequalities of the type of Kh. Sh. Mukhtarov are also obtained.     

Hierarchical and probabilistic quantum state sharing via a non-maximally entangled stateHierarchical and probabilistic quantum state sharing via a non-maximally entangled stateHierarchical and probabilistic quantum state sharing via a non-maximally entangled state

A scheme that probabilistically realizes hierarchical quantum state sharing of an arbitrary unknown qubit state with a four-qubit non-maximally entangled 丨X） state is presented in this paper. In the scheme, the sender Alice distributes a quantum secret with a Bell-state measurement and publishes her measurement outcomes via a classical channel to three agents who are divided into two grades. One agent is in the upper grade, while the other two agents are in the lower grade. Then by introducing an ancillary qubit, the agent of the upper grade only needs the assistance of any one of the other two agents for probabilistically obtaining the secret, while an agent of the lower grade needs the help of both the other two agents by using a controlled-NOT operation and a proper positive operator-valued measurement instead of the usual projective measurement. In other words, the agents of two different grades have different authorities to reconstruct Alice＇s secret in a probabilistic manner. The scheme can also be modified to implement the threshold-controlled teleportation.