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101.
Three novel naphthoquinone-based heterocyclic pigments, 2-methyl-3-[(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)thio-1,4-naphthalenedione, (4-methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)thio-1,4-naphthalenedione, and (1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)thio]-1,4-naphthalenedione, are synthesized, and their optical properties in both solution and solid states are investigated. Depending on the heteroarylthio ring in the pigment, variation in optical properties is observed, e.g. characteristic colours for each pigment in the solution and solid states. The achiral pigment containing the 1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl ring exhibits a chiral space group and a CD signal in the solid state. 相似文献
102.
Experimental investigation on tunnel sonic boom 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Upon the entrance of a high-speed train into a relatively long train tunnel, compression waves are generated in front of the train. These compression waves subsequently coalesce into a weak shock wave so that a unpleasant sonic boom is emitted from the tunnel exit. In order to investigate the generation of the weak shock wave in train tunnels and the emission of the resulting sonic boom from the train tunnel exit and to search for methods for the reduction of these sonic booms, a 1300 scaled train tunnel simulator was constructed and simulation experiments were carried out using this facility.In the train tunnel simulator, an 18 mm dia. and 200 mm long plastic piston moves along a 40 mm dia. and 25 m long test section with speed ranging from 60 to 100 m/s. The tunnel simulator was tilted 8° to the floor so that the attenuation of the piston speed was not more than 10 % of its entrance speed. Pressure measurements along the tunnel simulator and holographic interferometric optical flow visualization of weak shock waves in the tunnel simulator clearly showed that compression waves, with propagation, coalesced into a weak shock wave. Although, for reduction of the sonic boom in prototype train tunnels, the installation of a hood at the entrance of the tunnels was known to be useful for their suppression, this effect was confirmed in the present experiment and found to be effective particularly for low piston speeds. The installation of a partially perforated wall at the exit of the tunnel simulator was found to smear pressure gradients at the shock. This effect is significant for higher piston speeds. Throughout the series of train tunnel simulator experiments, the combination of both the entrance hood and the perforated wall significantly reduces shock overpressures for piston speeds ofu
p
ranging from 60 to 100 m/s. These experimental findings were then applied to a real train tunnel and good agreement was obtained between the tunnel simulator result and the real tunnel measurements. 相似文献
103.
The monosaccharide moieties found in heparin (HP) and heparan sulfate (HS), glucosamine and two kinds of uronic acids, glucuronic and iduronic acids, were efficiently synthesized by use of glucosamine hydrochloride and glucurono-6,3-lactone as starting compounds. In the synthesis of the disaccharide building block, the key issues of preparation of uronic acids (glucuronic acid and iduronic acid moieties) were achieved in 12 steps and 15 steps, respectively, without cumbersome C-6 oxidation. The resulting monosaccharide moieties were utilized to the syntheses of HP/HS disaccharide building blocks possessing glucosamine-glucuronic acid (GlcN-GlcA) or iduronic acid (GlcN-IdoA) sequences. The disaccharide building blocks were also suitable for further modification such as glycosylation, selective deprotection, and sulfation. 相似文献
104.
Upon visible-light irradiation, reductive carboxylation of alkyl halides takes place by using a SmI2/Sm mixed system under atmospheric CO2 to afford the corresponding carboxylic acids in good to excellent yields. 相似文献
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108.
Akihiro Nakamoto Takeshi Saito Shota Miyazaki Masataka Nagao 《Analytica chimica acta》2010,661(1):42-46
A simple, sensitive, and specific method with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was developed for simultaneous extraction and derivatization of amphetamines (APs) and 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamines (MDAs) in human urine by using a monolithic silica spin column. All the procedures, such as sample loading, washing, and elution were performed by centrifugation. APs and MDAs in urine were adsorbed on the monolithic silica and derivatized with propyl chloroformate in the column. Methamphetamine-d5 was used as an internal standard. The linear ranges were 0.01-5.0 μg mL−1 for methamphetamine (MA) and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and 0.02-5.0 μg mL−1 for amphetamine (AP) and 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) (coefficient of correlation ≧0.995). The recovery of APs and MDAs in urine was 84-94%, and the relative standard deviation of the intra- and interday reproducibility for urine samples containing 0.1, 1.0, and 4.0 μg mL−1 of APs and MDAs ranged from 1.4% to 13.6%. The lowest detection limit (signal-to-noise ratio ≧ 3) in urine was 5 ng mL−1 for MA and MDMA and 10 ng mL−1 for AP and MDA. The proposed method can be used to perform simultaneous extraction and derivatization on spin columns that have been loaded with a small quantity of solvent by using centrifugation. 相似文献
109.
Junko Morikawa Akihiro OrieYuta Hikima Toshimasa HashimotoSaulius Juodkazis 《Applied Surface Science》2011,257(12):5439-5442
Changes of thermal diffusivity inside femtosecond laser-structured volumes as small as few percent were reliably determined (with standard deviation less than 1%) with miniaturized sensors. An increase of thermal diffusivity of a crystalline high-density polyethylene (HDPE) inflation films by 10-20% from the measured (1.16 ± 0.01) × 10−7 m2 s−1 value in regions not structured by femtosecond laser pulses is considerably larger than that of non-crystalline polymers, 0-3%. The origin of the change of thermal diffusivity are interplay between the laser induced disordering, voids’ formation, compaction, and changes in molecular orientation. It is shown that laser structuring can be used to modify thermal and optical properties. The birefringence and infrared spectroscopy with thermal imaging of CH2 vibrations are confirming inter-relation between structural, optical, and thermal properties of the laser-structured crystalline HDPE inflation films. Birefringence modulation as high as Δn ∼ ± 1 × 10−3 is achieved with grating structures. 相似文献
110.
Kei Kamada Takayuki Yanagida Martin Nikl Akihiro Fukabori Akira Yoshikawa Kenji Aoki 《Journal of Crystal Growth》2010,312(19):2795-2798
Pr1%:K(Y1−xLux)3F10 (x=0, 0.2, 0.4) single crystals were grown by the μ-PD method. All the grown crystals were greenish and perfectly transparent without any inclusions or cracks. Radioluminescence spectra and decay kinetics of the Pr1%:K(Y,Lu)3F10 crystals were measured. Emission from the Pr3+ 5d–4f transition, peaking around 260 nm and of the decay time of around 22 ns were observed. The 5d–4f emission intensities of the Pr1%:K(Y,Lu)3F10 crystals were higher than that of the standard BGO scintillator. 相似文献